旋翼机飞行手册 ROTORCRAFT FLYING HANDBOOK

时间：2011-04-05 11:32来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次

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You should be aware of any abnormal vibration or mast bumping that signals maximum cyclic deflection. If this occurs, abandon the landing because the slope is too steep. In most helicopters with a counterclockwise rotor system, landings can be made on steeper slopes when you are holding the cyclic to the right. When landing on slopes using left cyclic, some cyclic input must be used to overcome the translating tendency. If wind is not a factor, you should consider the drifting tendency when determining landing direction.
After the downslope skid is on the surface, reduce the collective to full down, and neutralize the cyclic and pedals (frame 4). Normal operating r.p.m. should be maintained until the full weight of the helicopter is on the landing gear. This ensures adequate r.p.m. for immediate takeoff in case the helicopter starts sliding down the slope. Use antitorque pedals as necessary throughout the landing for heading control. Before reducing the r.p.m., move the cyclic control as necessary to check that the helicopter is firmly on the ground.
COMMON ERRORS
1 Failure to consider wind effects during the approach and landing.
2 Failure to maintain proper r.p.m. throughout the entire maneuver.
3 Turning the tail of the helicopter into the slope.
4 Lowering the downslope skid or wheel too rapidly.
5 Applying excessive cyclic control into the slope, causing mast bumping.

SLOPE TAKEOFF
A slope takeoff is basically the reverse of a slope landing. [Figure 10-7] Conditions that may be associated with the slope, such as turbulence and obstacles, must

Figure 10-7. Slope takeoff.
be considered during the takeoff. Planning should include suitable forced landing areas.
TECHNIQUE
Begin the takeoff by increasing r.p.m. to the normal range with the collective full down. Then, move the cyclic toward the slope (frame 1). Holding cyclic toward the slope causes the downslope skid to rise as you slowly raise the collective (frame 2). As the skid comes up, move the cyclic toward the neutral position. If properly coordinated, the helicopter should attain a level attitude as the cyclic reaches the neutral position. At the same time, use antitorque pedal pressure to maintain heading and throttle to maintain r.p.m. With the helicopter level and the cyclic centered, pause momentarily to verify everything is correct, and then gradually raise the collective to complete the liftoff (frame 3).
After reaching a hover, take care to avoid hitting the ground with the tail rotor. If an upslope wind exists, execute a crosswind takeoff and then make a turn into the wind after clearing the ground with the tail rotor.
COMMON ERRORS
1 Failure to adjust cyclic control to keep the helicopter from sliding downslope.
2 Failure to maintain proper r.p.m.
3 Holding excessive cyclic into the slope as the downslope skid is raised.
4 Turning the tail of the helicopter into the slope during takeoff.

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