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旋翼机飞行手册 ROTORCRAFT FLYING HANDBOOK

时间:2011-04-05 11:32来源:蓝天飞行翻译 作者:航空 点击:

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5 Improper use of brakes.
6 Poor directional control.
7 Failure to lift off at proper airspeed.
8 Failure to establish and maintain proper climb attitude and airspeed.
9 Drifting from the desired ground track during the climb.

HIGH-ALTITUDE TAKEOFF
A high-altitude takeoff is conducted in a manner very similar to that of the short-field takeoff, which achieves maximum performance from the aircraft during each phase of the maneuver. One important consideration is that at higher altitudes, rotor r.p.m. is higher for a given blade pitch angle. This higher speed is a result of thinner air, and is necessary to produce the same amount of lift. The inertia of the excess rotor speed should not be used in an attempt to enhance climb performance. Another important consideration is the effect of altitude on engine performance. As altitude increases, the amount of oxygen available for combustion decreases. In normally aspirated engines, it may be necessary to
Normally Aspirated—An engine that does not compensate for decreases in atmospheric pressure through turbocharging or other means. 

adjust the fuel/air mixture to achieve the best possible power output. This process is referred to as “leaning the mixture.” If you are considering a high-altitude takeoff, and it appears that the climb performance limit of the gyroplane is being approached, do not attempt a takeoff until more favorable conditions exist. 
 

SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF
A soft field may be defined as any takeoff surface that measurably retards acceleration during the takeoff roll. The objective of the soft-field takeoff is to transfer the weight of the aircraft from the landing gear to the rotor as quickly and smoothly as possible to eliminate the drag caused by surfaces, such as tall grass, soft dirt, or snow. This takeoff requires liftoff at a speed just above the minimum level flight speed for the aircraft. Due to design, many of the smaller gyroplanes have a limited pitch attitude available, as tail contact with the ground prevents high pitch attitudes until in flight. At minimum level flight speed, the pitch attitude is often such that the tail wheel is lower than the main wheels. When performing a soft-field takeoff, these aircraft require slightly higher liftoff airspeeds to allow for proper tail clearance.
COMMON ERRORS
1 Failure to check rotor for proper operation, track, and r.p.m. prior to takeoff.
2 Improper initial positioning of flight controls.
3 Improper application of power.
4 Allowing gyroplane to lose momentum by slowing or stopping on takeoff surface prior to initiating takeoff.
5 Poor directional control.
6 Improper pitch attitude during lift-off.
7 Settling back to takeoff surface after becoming airborne.
8 Failure to establish and maintain proper climb attitude and airspeed.
9 Drifting from the desired ground track during the climb.

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