旋翼机飞行手册 ROTORCRAFT FLYING HANDBOOK

时间：2011-04-05 11:32来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次

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For this maneuver, pick a square or rectangular field, or an area bounded on four sides by section lines or roads, where the sides are approximately a mile in length. The area selected should be well away from other air traffic. Fly the maneuver approximately 600 to 1,000 feet above the ground, which is the altitude usually required for an airport traffic pattern. You should fly the gyroplane parallel to and at a uniform distance, about one-fourth to one-half mile, from the field boundaries, not above the boundaries. For best results, position your flight path outside the field boundaries just far enough away that they may be easily observed. You should be able to see the edges of the selected field while seated in a normal position and looking out the side of the gyroplane during either a left-hand or right-hand course. The distance of the ground track from the edges of the field should be the same regardless of whether the course is flown to the left or right. All turns should be started when your gyroplane is abeam the corners of the field boundaries. The bank normally should not exceed 30°.
Although the rectangular course may be entered from any direction, this discussion assumes entry on a downwind heading. As you approach the field boundary on the downwind leg, you should begin planning for your turn to the crosswind leg. Since you have a tailwind on the downwind leg, the gyroplane’s groundspeed is increased (position 1). During the turn onto the crosswind leg, which is the equivalent of the base leg in a traffic pattern, the wind causes the gyroplane to drift away from the field. To counteract this effect, the roll-in should be made at a fairly fast rate with a relatively steep bank (position 2).
As the turn progresses, the tailwind component decreases, which decreases the groundspeed. Consequently, the bank angle and rate of turn must be reduced gradually to ensure that upon completion of the turn, the crosswind ground track continues to be the same distance from the edge of the field. Upon completion of the turn, the gyroplane should be level and

Start Turn� Enter� At Boundary No Crab Pattern Turn More Than� 90°—Roll Out� Complete Turn�
With Crab Established At Boundary
Turn More� Complete Turn� Than 90° At Boundary

Start Turn� At Boundary
Crab Into�

Crab Into� WIND Wind

Wind

Turn less Than� Start Turn� 90°—Roll Out� At Boundary With Crab Established
Complete Turn� Turn Less� At Boundary Than 90°

Start Turn� At Boundary
Complete Turn�
At Boundary

No Crab
Figure 20-10. Rectangular course. The numbered positions in the text refer to the numbers in this illustration.

aligned with the downwind corner of the field. However, since the crosswind is now pushing you away from the field, you must establish the proper drift correction by flying slightly into the wind. Therefore, the turn to crosswind should be greater than a 90° change in heading (position 3). If the turn has been made properly, the field boundary again appears to be one-fourth to one-half mile away. While on the crosswind leg, the wind correction should be adjusted, as necessary, to maintain a uniform distance from the field boundary (position 4).

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