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旋翼机飞行手册 ROTORCRAFT FLYING HANDBOOK

时间:2011-04-05 11:32来源:蓝天飞行翻译 作者:航空 点击:

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Begin the maneuver by aligning the gyroplane into the wind as much as possible. At airports with wide runways, you might be able to angle your takeoff roll down the runway to take advantage of as much headwind as you can. As airspeed increases, gradually tilt the rotor into the wind and use rudder pressure to maintain runway heading. In most cases, you should accelerate to a speed slightly faster than normal liftoff speed. As you reach takeoff speed, the downwind wheel lifts off the ground first, followed by the upwind wheel. Once airborne, remove the cross-control inputs and establish a crab, if runway heading is to be maintained. Due to the maneuverability of the gyroplane, an immediate turn into the wind after lift off can be safely executed, if this does not cause a conflict with existing traffic.
COMMON ERRORS FOR NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFFS
1 Failure to check rotor for proper operation, track, and r.p.m. prior to takeoff.
2 Improper initial positioning of flight controls.
3 Improper application of power.
4 Poor directional control.
5 Failure to lift off at proper airspeed.
6 Failure to establish and maintain proper climb attitude and airspeed.
7 Drifting from the desired ground track during the climb.

SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF
Short-field takeoff and climb procedures may be required when the usable takeoff surface is short, or when it is restricted by obstructions, such as trees, powerlines, or buildings, at the departure end. The technique is identical to the normal takeoff, with performance being optimized during each phase. Using the help from wind and propwash, the maximum rotor
r.p.m. should be attained from the prerotator and full power applied as soon as appreciable lift is felt. VX climb speed should be maintained until the obstruction is cleared. Familiarity with the rotor acceleration characteristics and proper technique are essential for optimum short-field performance.
If the prerotator is capable of spinning the rotor in excess of normal flight r.p.m., the stored energy may be used to enhance short-field performance. Once maximum rotor r.p.m. is attained, disengage the rotor drive, release the brakes, and apply power. As airspeed and rotor r.p.m. increase, apply additional power until full power is achieved. While remaining on the ground, accelerate the gyroplane to a speed just prior to VX. At that point, tilt the disk aft and increase the blade pitch to the normal in-flight setting. The climb should be at a speed just under VX until rotor r.p.m. has dropped to normal flight r.p.m. or the obstruction has been cleared. When the obstruction is no longer a factor, increase the airspeed to VY.
COMMON ERRORS
1 Failure to position gyroplane for maximum utilization of available takeoff area.
2 Failure to check rotor for proper operation, track, and r.p.m. prior to takeoff.
3 Improper initial positioning of flight controls.
4 Improper application of power.

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