formula /f.mjυl./ noun a mathe-matical rule expressed in symbols . The formula for calculating speed is D ÷ T = S (where D = distance, T = time and S = speed). (NOTE: The plural form is formulas or formulae.)
forward /f.w.d/ adjective at, near, or belonging to the front . the forward section of the aircraft . forward and aft exits
forwards /f.w.dz/ adverb towards a position in front . The throttles are moved forwards for take-off. (NOTE: The US English is forward.)
fouling /faυl../ noun contamination of the spark plugs with oil or petrol so that they do not fire correctly . The engine should be run at a positive idling speed to prevent spark plug fouling.
four-digit group /f. d.d.t rup/ noun four single numbers found together
four-stroke combustion engine
/f. str.υk k.mbst.(.)n end.n/ noun an engine which operates in accordance with the four-stroke cycle .
Induction, compression, power and exhaust are the four phases of the four-stroke combustion engine.
fpm abbreviation feet per minute FPPS abbreviation flight plan process-
ing system frame /fre.m/ noun 1. a structure that gives shape or support . Early aircraft fuselages were made of a frame covered by a fabric. 2. an open structure for holding, or bordering . a door or win-dow frame
FREDA . mnemonic freeze /friz/ verb to pass from the liq-uid to the solid state by loss of heat . In some conditions, rain droplets freeze
rapidly on striking the aircraft. (NOTE: freezing – froze – frozen) freight /fre.t/ noun anything other
than people transported by a vessel or vehicle, especially by a commercial car-rier . Freight holds are usually located beneath the passenger cabins.
freighter /fre.t./ noun an aircraft designed to carry freight
frequency /frikw.nsi/ noun 1. the
number of times or the rate at which something happens in a given period of time . The frequency of flights to holi-day destinations increases during the summer time. 2. the number of repeti-tions per unit time of a complete wave-form, as of an electric current frequency
‘…a Baltimore man adjusted a baby alarm to improve its performance and found his youngster’s squawks were being picked up by incoming aircraft tuned to the local NDB frequency’ [Pilot]
frequency bracket /frikw.nsi brk.t/ noun a range of frequencies .
VHF communications are allocated the frequency bracket 118–137 MHz.
frequent /frikw.nt/ adjective hap-
pening or appearing often . frequent inspection
friction /fr.k.(.)n/ noun a force that resists the relative motion or tendency to such motion of two bodies in contact
. Energy is converted to heat through friction.
front /frnt/ noun 1. the forward part or surface . The entrance is at the front.
2. the area, location, or position directly before or ahead . in front in a forward position relative to something else . Row 23 is in front of row 24. 3. the
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