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民航规章 CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS 1

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2.6.6.2 KNOWLEDGE
(a) The applicant shall pass a pre-designation test on the following:
(1) Air Law and Regulations for AMT personnel.
(2) Current practices for the fleet of aircraft to be utilised.
(3) Best industry practices.
(4) Recent improvement in technology, testing and tooling.
2.6.6.3 SKILL
(a) The applicant shall be observed conducting a complete, actual skill test using the approved STS in a satisfactory manner.
(b) The applicant shall be observed completing the required documentation required by the Authority in a satisfactory manner.
2.6.6.4 CURRENCY
(a) After designation, DME shall maintain currency by
(1) Attending initial and recurrent training conducted by the Authority, and
(2) Maintaining a current and valid AMT licence and applicable ratings.
(b) The DME shall conduct at least 6 skill tests during any 12 calendar month period in order for the designation to remain current.
(c) The DME shall be observed by the Authority in the conduct of skill test at least once each 12 calendar months.
2.6.6.5 PRIVILEGES
(a) The DME may conduct AMT skill tests for which he/she is designated in accordance with the STS standards.
2.6.6.6 VALIDITY
(a) The DME designation shall be valid for three years.
2.6.6.7 RENEWAL
(a) The DME designation may be renewed by Authority if:
(1) The need for the designation remains valid.
(2) The performance of the DME has been satisfactory.
(3) The DME has attended the DME training conducted by the Authority in the previous 12 calendar months.
FAA Order 8610.12 Chapter 3:5
2.7 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER LICENCES, CATEGORIES AND RATINGS
2.7.1 APPLICABILITY
(a) This section prescribes the requirements for the issue, renewal and re-issue of an air traffic controller licence and ratings.
2.7.2 GENERAL
(a) An applicant shall, before being issued with an air traffic controllers licence, meet such requirements in respect of age, knowledge, experience, skill, medical fitness and language proficiency as are specified for that licence or rating.
(b) An applicant shall for renewal or re-issue of a licence, rating or authorisation meet the requirements as are specified for that licence, rating or authorisation.
ICAO Annex 1:1.2(b); 4.1.1; 4.1.2; 4.3.1
14 CFR: 65.1
2.7.3 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER LICENCE AND RATINGS
2.7.3.1 STUDENT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER
(a) Authority shall take the appropriate measures to ensure that student air traffic controllers do not constitute a hazard to air navigation.
(b) Medical fitness:  Authority shall not permit a student air traffic controller to receive instruction in an operational environment unless that student air traffic controller holds a current Class 3 Medical Certificate.
ICAO Annex 1: 4.3.1.1; 4.3.1.2
2.7.3.2 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER LICENCE
(a) Age. The applicant for an air traffic controller licence shall be not less than 21 years of age.
(b) Medical.  The applicant for an air traffic controller licence shall hold a Class 3 medical certificate issued under this Part.
(c) Knowledge. The applicant for an air traffic controller licence shall receive knowledge instruction through an approved training course on the knowledge areas appropriate to the holder of an air traffic controller licence:
(1) Air law:
(i) Rules and regulations relevant to the air traffic controller.
(2) Air traffic control equipment:
(i)  Principles, use and limitations of equipment used in air traffic control.
(3) General knowledge:
(i) Principles of flight; principles of operation and functioning of aircraft, powerplants and systems; aircraft performances relevant to air traffic control operations.
(4) Human performance:   including principles of threat and error management;
Note:  Guidance material to design training programmes on human performance, including threat and error management can be found in ICAO Doc 9683, Human Factors Training Manual.
(5) Meteorology:
(i) Aeronautical meteorology; use and appreciation of meteorological documentation and information; origin and characteristics of weather phenomena affecting flight operations and safety; altimetry.
(6) Navigation:
(i) Principles of air navigation; principle, limitation and accuracy of navigation systems and visual aids.
(7) Operational procedures:
(i) Air traffic control, communication, radiotelephony and phraseology procedures (routine, non-routine and emergency); use of the relevant aeronautical documentation; safety practices associated with flight.
(d) Knowledge testing.  An applicant for an air traffic controller licence shall:
(1) Have received an endorsement for the knowledge test from an authorised instructor who:
(i) Conducted the training on the knowledge areas; and
(ii) Certifies that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test.
(2) Pass the required knowledge test.
(e) Experience. The applicant shall have completed an approved training course and not less than three months’ satisfactory service engaged in the actual control of air traffic under the supervision of an appropriately rated air traffic controller. The experience requirements specified for air traffic controller ratings in paragraph 2.7.3.2 will be credited as part of the experience specified in this paragraph.
(f) Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirement specified in this Part, the validity period of the licence is five years.
ICAO Annex 1: .4.1.1; 4.4.1.2; 4.4.1.3;
14 CFR Part 65, Subpart B
2.7.3.3 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER RATINGS
(a) Air traffic controller ratings shall comprise the following categories:
(1) Aerodrome control rating.
(2) Approach control procedural rating.
(3) Approach control surveillance rating;
(4) Approach precision radar control rating.
(5) Area control procedural rating.
(6) Area surveillance control rating.
Note.  The World Meteorological Organisation has specified requirements for personnel making meteorological observations which apply to air traffic controllers providing such a service.
ICAO Annex 1:  4.5.1
(b) Knowledge. The applicant for an air traffic controller rating shall receive knowledge instruction through an approved training course on the knowledge areas appropriate to the holder of an air traffic controller rating on the subjects as specified below for each rating sought:
(1) Aerodrome control rating:
(i) Aerodrome layout, physical characteristics and visual aids.
(ii) Airspace structure.
(iii) Applicable rules, procedures and source of information.
(iv) Air navigation facilities.
(v) Air traffic control equipment and its use.
(vi) Terrain and prominent landmarks.
(vii) Characteristics of air traffic.
(viii) Weather phenomena.
(ix) Emergency and search and rescue plans.
(2) Approach control procedural and area control procedural ratings:
(i) Airspace structure;
(ii) Applicable rules, procedures and source of information.
(iii) Air navigation facilities.
(iv) Air traffic control equipment and its use.
(v) Terrain and prominent landmarks.
(vi) Characteristics of air traffic and traffic flow.
(vii) Weather phenomena.
(viii) Emergency and search and rescue plans.
(3) Approach control surveillance, approach precision radar control and area control surveillance ratings. The applicant shall meet the requirements specified in (2) in so far as they affect the area of responsibility, and shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted, in at least the following additional subjects:
(i) Principles, use and limitations of applicable ATS surveillance systems and associated equipment; and
(ii) Procedures for the provision of ATS surveillance services, as appropriate, including procedures to ensure appropriate terrain clearance.
(c) Knowledge testing.  An applicant for an air traffic controller rating shall:
(1) Have received an endorsement for the knowledge test from an authorised instructor who:
(i) Conducted the training on the knowledge areas; and
(ii) Certifies that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test; and
(2) Pass the required knowledge test.
(d) Experience. The applicant for an air traffic controller licence shall have:
(1) Satisfactorily completed an approved training course.
(2) Provided, satisfactorily, under the supervision of an appropriately rated air traffic controller:
(i) Aerodrome control rating: an aerodrome control service, for a period of not less than 90 hours or one month, whichever is greater, at the unit for which the rating is sought.
(ii) Approach control procedural, approach control surveillance, area control procedural or area control surveillance  rating: the control service for which the rating is sought, for a period of not less than 180 hours or three months, whichever is greater, at the unit for which the rating is sought.
(iii) Approach precision radar control rating: not less than 200 precision approaches of which not more than 100 shall have been carried out on a radar simulator approved for that purpose by the Authority. Not less than 50 of those precision approaches shall have been carried out at the unit and on the equipment for which the rating is sought.
(3) If the privileges of the approach control surveillance rating include surveillance radar approach duties, the experience shall include not less than 25 plan position indicator approaches on the surveillance equipment of the type in use at the unit for which the rating is sought and under the supervision of an appropriately rated approach radar controller.
(4) The experience specified under (2)(ii) shall have been completed within the 6-month period immediately preceding application.
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