时间：2015-01-22 15:14来源：蓝天飞行翻译公司 作者：民航翻译 点击：次
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To view this page ensure that Adobe Flash Player version 9.0.124 or greater is installed. (2) Aerodrome operations, transiting controlled aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services procedures, radiotelephony procedures and phraseology; (3) Techniques and procedures for the launching and ascent, including appropriate limitations, emergency procedures and signals used; (4) Collision avoidance precautions; (5) Control of a free balloon by external visual references; (6) Recognition of and recovery from rapid descents; (7) Cross-country flying using visual reference and dead reckoning; (8) Approaches and landings, including ground handling; and (9) Emergency procedures. (c) The requirements for the skill test for the PPL-Balloon category are included in IS 2.3.4.6. New: ICAO Annex 1: 2.10.1.3.1; 2.10.1.3.2 14 CFR: 61.107(b)(8); 61.109(h) 2.3.4.7 EXPERIENCE, FLIGHT INSTRUCTION AND SKILL TEST FOR THE PPL—GLIDER CATEGORY (a) Experience. The applicant shall have completed not less than 6 hours of flight time as a pilot of gliders including 2 hours’ solo flight time during which not less than 20 launches and landings have been performed. (b) Flight instruction. The applicant shall have received dual instruction in gliders from an authorised instructor in at least the following areas; (1) Pre-flight operations, including glider assembly and inspection; (2) Techniques and procedures for the launching method used, including appropriate airspeed limitations, emergency procedures and signals used; (3) Traffic pattern operations, collision avoidance precautions and procedures; (4) Control of the glider by external visual reference; (5) Flight throughout the flight envelope; (6) Recognition of, and recovery from, incipient and full stalls and spiral dives; (7) Normal and cross-wind launches, approaches and landings; (8) Cross-country flying using visual reference and dead reckoning; and (9) Emergency procedures. (c) Crediting of time in other aircraft categories. The holder of a pilot licence in the aeroplane category may be credited with 3 hours towards the 6 hours of flight time required for the glider licence. (d) The requirements for the skill test for the PPL—glider category are included in the IS 2.3.4.7. New ICAO Annex 1: 2.9.1.3.1; 2.9.1.3.1.1; 2.9.1.3.2, 2.9.1.4 14 CFR: 61.107(b)(6); 61.109(f) 2.3.5 COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENCE 2.3.5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (a) Age. The applicant for a CPL shall be not less than 18 years of age. (b) Medical fitness. The applicant for a CPL shall hold a current Class 1 Medical Certificate issued under this Part. (c) Knowledge areas. The applicant for a CPL shall receive and log ground training from an authorised instructor on the following subjects appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of a commercial pilot licence and appropriate to the category of aircraft to be included on the licence: (1) Air law: (i) Rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a CPL; (ii) Rules of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures. (iii) Aircraft general knowledge: (iv) Principles of operation and functioning of powerplants, systems and instruments; (v) Operating limitations of the appropriate category of aircraft and powerplants; relevant operational information from the flight manual or other appropriate document; (vi) Use and serviceability checks of equipment and systems of appropriate aircraft; (vii) Maintenance procedures for airframes, systems and powerplants of appropriate aircraft; (viii) For helicopters and powered-lift, transmission (power-trains) where applicable; and (ix) For airships and balloons, physical properties and practical application of gases. (2) Flight performance, planning and loading: (i) Effects of loading and mass distribution on aircraft handling, flight characteristics and performance; mass and balance calculations; (ii) Use and practical application of take-off or launching, landing and other performance data; (iii) Pre-flight and en-route flight planning appropriate to commercial operations under VFR; preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services procedures; and (iv) In the case of helicopter and powered-lift, effects of external loading. (3) Human performance: (i) Human performance relevant to the appropriate aircraft type; and (ii) Principles of threat and error management. (4) Meteorology: (i) Interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, charts and forecasts; use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information, pre-flight and in-flight; altimetry; (ii) Aeronautical meteorology; climatology of relevant areas in respect of the elements having an effect upon aviation; the moment of pressure systems, the structure of fronts, and the origin and characteristics of significant weather phenomena which affect take-off, en-route and landing conditions; and (iii) Causes, recognition and effects of icing; frontal zone penetration procedures; hazardous weather avoidance. (5) Navigation: (i) Air navigation, including the use of aeronautical charts, instruments and navigation aids; (ii) Understanding of the principles and characteristics of appropriate navigation systems; and (iii) Operation of air borne equipment. (iv) In the case of airships: (A) Use, limitation and serviceability of avionics and instruments necessary for the control and navigation; (B) Use, accuracy and reliability of navigation systems used in departure, en-route, approach and landing phases of flight, identification of radio navigation aids; and (C) Principles and characteristics of self-contained and external referenced navigation systems, operations of airborne equipment. (6) Operation procedures: (i) Application of threat and error management to operational performance; (ii) Use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations; (iii) Altimeter setting procedures; (iv) Appropriate precautionary and emergency procedures; (v) Operational procedures for carriage of freight; potential hazards associated with dangerous goods; (vi) Requirements and practices for safety briefing to passengers, including precautions to be observed when embarking and disembarking from aircraft; and (vii) In the case of the helicopter, and if applicable powered-lift, settling with power, ground resonance; retreating blade stall; dynamic roll-over and other operational hazards; safety procedures, associated with flight under VFR. (7) Principles of flight: (i) Principles of flight relating to the appropriate category of aircraft. (8) Radiotelephony: (i) Communication procedures and phraseology as applied to VFR operations; action to be taken in case of communication failure; and (ii) As further specified in IS 2.3.5. (d) Knowledge testing. The applicant for the CPL shall: (1) Have received an endorsement for the knowledge test from an authorised instructor who: (i) Conducted the training on the knowledge subjects; and (ii) Certifies that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test. (2) Pass the required knowledge test on the knowledge subjects listed in IS 2.3.5. (e) Experience and flight instruction. An applicant for a CPL shall have completed the experience and flight instruction requirements appropriate to the aircraft category as specified in this Part. (f) Skill. The applicant for a CPL shall: (1) Have received an endorsement from an authorised instructor who certifies that the person is prepared for the required skill test. (2) Have demonstrated by passing a skill test the ability to perform as PIC of an aeroplane, the areas of operation described in IS 2.3.5 with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of a CPL, and to (i) Operate the aeroplane within its limitations; (ii) Complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy; (iii) Exercise good judgment and airmanship; (iv) Apply aeronautical knowledge; and (v) Maintain control of the aeroplane at all times in a manner such that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt. (g) Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the privileges of the holder of a CPL shall be: (1) To exercise all the privileges of the holder of a PPL in an aircraft within the appropriate aircraft category; (2) To act as PIC in an aircraft within the appropriate aircraft category engaged in operations other than commercial air transportation; (3) To act as PIC in commercial air transportation in an aircraft within the appropriate aircraft category certificated for single-pilot operation; (4) To act as co-pilot in aircraft within the appropriate aircraft category required to be operated with a co-pilot; and (5) For the airship category, to pilot an airship under IFR. (h) Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the validity period of the licence is five years. (i) Renewal. A commercial pilot licence that has not expired may be renewed for an additional five years if the holder presents to the Authority satisfactory evidence that the licence, medical certificate, and recency of experience are current. (j) Reissue. If the commercial pilot licence has expired, the applicant shall have received refresher training acceptable to the Authority and passed the private pilot skill test. ICAO Annex 1: 2.4, 2.4.1, 2.4.1.1, 2.4.1.2, 2.4.1.3.1, 2.4.1.3.1.1, 2.4.1.3.2, 2.4.1.4.1, 2.4.1.4.2, 2.4.1.5, 2.4.1.6, 2.4.2.1, 2.4.2.2 New ICAO Annex 1: 2.4.1.1; 2.4.1.2; 2.4.1.3; 2.4.2.1; 2.4.2.2 |
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