民航规章 CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS 3

时间：2015-01-22 15:21来源：蓝天飞行翻译公司 作者：民航翻译 点击：次

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(h) More than one landing aircraft. When two or more aircraft are approaching an aerodrome for the purpose of landing, the aircraft at the lower altitude has the right-of-way.
(i) The PIC shall not take advantage of the right of way landing rules in items (g) and (h) in this paragraph to cut in front of another aircraft that is on final approach to land or to overtake that aircraft.
(j) Emergency landing. Aircraft that are compelled to land have the right-of-way over other aircraft.
(k) Taking off. Aircraft taking off have the right-of-way over aircraft taxiing on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome.
(l) Surface movement of aircraft.
(1) Approaching head-on. When aircraft are approaching each other head-on, or approximately so, each pilot of each aircraft shall stop, or wherever practicable alter course to the right so as to keep well clear
(2) Converging. When aircraft are converging on a course, the pilot who has the other aircraft on his right shall give way.
(3) Overtaking. Each aircraft that is being overtaken has the right-of-way and each pilot of an overtaking aircraft shall keep well clear.
(m) Aircraft taxiing on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome.
(1) The pilot of an aircraft taxiing on the manoeuvring area shall stop and hold at all runway-holding positions unless otherwise authorised by the aerodrome control tower.
(2) The pilot of an aircraft taxiing on the manoeuvring area shall stop and hold at all lighted stop bars and may proceed further when the lights are switched off.
(3) The pilot of an aircraft taxiing on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome shall give way to aircraft –
(i) taking off or about to take off;
(ii) landing or in the final stages of an approach to landing.
ICAO Annex 2: 3.2.2; 3.2.2.1; 3.2.2.2; 3.2.2.3; 3.2.2.4; 3.2.2.5.1; 3.2.2.5.2; 3.2.2.5.3;
3.2.2.6; 3.2.2.7.1; 3.2.2.7.2; 3.2.2.7.3
14 CFR: 91.113
8.8.1.14 RIGHT-OF-WAY RULES—WATER OPERATIONS
(a) General. Each person operating an aircraft on the water shall, insofar as possible, keep clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation, and shall give way to any vessel or other aircraft that is given the right-of-way by any rule of this subsection.
(b) Converging or Crossing. When aircraft, or an aircraft and a vessel, are on crossing courses, the aircraft or vessel to the other's right has the right-of-way.
(c) Approaching head-on. When aircraft, or an aircraft and a vessel, are approaching head-on, or nearly so, each shall alter its course to the right to keep well clear.
(d) Overtaking. Each aircraft or vessel that is being overtaken has the right-of-way, and the one overtaking shall alter course to keep well clear.
(e) Special circumstances. When aircraft, or an aircraft and a vessel, approach so as to involve risk of collision, each aircraft or vessel shall proceed with careful regard to existing circumstances, including the limitations of the respective craft
(f) Landing and taking off. When aircraft, on landing or taking off from the water, shall keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation.
ICAO Annex 2: 3.2.6.1; 3.2.6.1.1; 3.2.6.1.2; 3.2.6.1.3; 3.2.6.1.4
14 CFR: 91.115
8.8.1.15 USE OF AIRCRAFT LIGHTS
(a) If an aircraft has red rotating beacon lights, or other lights installed to show that the engine is running, the pilot shall switch those lights on before starting engines and display those lights at all times the engines are running.
(b) No person may operate an aircraft between the period from sunset to sunrise unless—
(1) It has lighted navigation lights; and
(2) If anti-collision lights are installed, those lights are lighted.
(c) No person may park or move an aircraft between the period from sunset to sunrise in, or in a dangerous proximity to, a movement area of an aerodrome, unless the aircraft—
(1) Is clearly illuminated;
(2) Has lighted navigation lights, or
(3) Is in an area that is marked by obstruction lights, or
(4) Has lights to indicate when the engine is running.
(d) No person may anchor an aircraft unless that aircraft—
(1) Has lighted anchor lights; or
(2) Is in an area where anchor lights are not required on vessels.
(e) No person may operate an aircraft on water during the period from sunset to sunrise unless—
(1) It displays lights as required by the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (most recent edition); or
(2) It shall display lights as similar as possible in characteristics and position to those required by the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea if it is not practical to display the lights exactly as required.
(f) A pilot is permitted to switch off or reduce the intensity of any flashing lights fitted to meet the requirements of this paragraph if they do or are likely to—
(1) Adversely affect the satisfactory performance of duties; or
(2) Subject an outside observer to harmful dazzle.
ICAO Annex 2: 3.2.3.1 3.2.3.2; 3.2.3.3; 3.2.3.4; 3.2.3.5; 3.2.6.2
14 CFR: 91.209
8.8.1.16 SIMULATED INSTRUMENT FLIGHT
(a) No person may operate an aircraft in simulated instrument flight unless—
(1) The aircraft has fully functioning dual controls,
(2) The other control seat is occupied by a safety pilot who holds at least a private pilot licence with category and class ratings appropriate to the aircraft being flown, and
(3) The safety pilot has adequate vision forward and to each side of the aircraft, or a competent observer in the aircraft adequately supplements the vision of the safety pilot.
(b) No person may engage in simulated instrument flight conditions during commercial air transport operations.
ICAO Annex 2: 3.2.4
14 CFR: 91.109(b)
8.8.1.17 INFLIGHT SIMULATION OF ABNORMAL SITUATIONS
(a) No person may simulate an abnormal or emergency situation during commercial air transport operations.
ICAO Annex 6, Part I: 4.2.5
ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section II: 2.2.4
JAR-OPS: 1
8.8.1.18 DROPPING, SPRAYING, TOWING
(a) Except under conditions prescribed by the Authority, no pilot may take the following actions—
(1) Dropping, dusting or spraying from an aircraft;
(2) Towing of aircraft or other objects; or
(3) Allowing parachute descents.
ICAO Annex 2: 3.1.4; 3.1.5; 3.1.6
14 CFR: 91.91.15, 91.309, 91.303, 91.307(b)
8.8.1.19 AEROBATIC FLIGHT
(a) No person may operate an aircraft in aerobatic flight—
(1) Over any city, town or settlement;
(2) Over an open air assembly of persons;
(3) Within the lateral boundaries of the surface areas of Class B, C, D or E airspace designated for an aerodrome;
(4) Below an altitude of 450 m (1500 ft) above the surface;
(5) When the flight visibility is less than 5 km (3 statute miles), and
(6) Unless in compliance with any other conditions prescribed by the Authority.
(b) No person may operate an aircraft in manoeuvres exceeding a bank of 60 degrees or pitch of 30 degrees from level flight attitude unless all occupants of the aircraft are wearing parachutes packed by a qualified parachute rigger, licensed in accordance with Part 2 of these regulations, in the past 12 calendar-months.
ICAO Annex 2: 3.1.7
14 CFR: 91.303: 91.307(c)
8.8.1.20 FLIGHT TEST AREAS
(a) No person may flight-test an aircraft except over open water, or sparsely populated areas having light traffic.
14 CFR: 91.305
8.8.1.21 PROHIBITED AREAS AND RESTRICTED AREAS
(a) No person may operate an aircraft in a prohibited area, or in restricted areas, the particulars of which have been duly published, except in accordance with the conditions of the restrictions or by permission of the State over whose territory the areas are established.
ICAO Annex 2: 3.1.11
14 CFR: 91.133
8.8.1.22 OPERATIONS IN MNPS OR RVSM AIRSPACE
(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft of [STATE] registry in the North Atlantic airspace designated as MNPS airspace or in airspace designated as RVSM without a written authorisation issued by the Authority.
(b) No person may operate an aircraft in MNPS or RVSM airspace, except in accordance with the conditions of the procedures and restrictions required for this airspace.
Note 1: ICAO Doc 9547, Manual on the Implementation of a 300m (1000 ft) Vertical Separation between FL 290 and FL410 Inclusive, provides additional guidance.
Note 2: MCAR Part 7 contains requirements regarding navigation equipment for operations in MNPS and RVSM airspace.
ICAO Annex 6, Part I: 7.2.3; 7.2.4; 7.2.5
14 CFR: 91.705; 91.706
JAR-OPS: 1.241, 1.243
8.8.1.23 OPERATIONS ON OR IN THE VICINITY OF A CONTROLLED OR AN UNCONTROLLED AERODROME
(a) When approaching to land at an aerodrome, each pilot of:
(1) An aeroplane shall make all turns of that aeroplane to the left; or to the right, if appropriately indicated by the authorities having jurisdiction over that aerodrome;
(2) A helicopter shall avoid the flow of aeroplanes.
(b) When departing an aerodrome, each pilot of an aircraft shall comply with any traffic patterns established by the authorities having jurisdiction over that aerodrome.
(c) Each pilot of an aircraft shall land and takeoff into the wind unless safety, the runway configurations, or traffic considerations determine that a different direction is preferable.
(d) Each pilot operating an aircraft either on or in the vicinity of an aerodrome shall:
(1) Observe other aerodrome traffic for the purpose of avoiding collision; and
(2) Conform with or avoid the pattern of traffic formed by other aircraft in operation.
(e) Each pilot of an aircraft when operating to, from, or through an aerodrome having an operational control tower shall also comply with the requirements at Subsection 8.8.2.8.

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