民航规章 CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS 3

时间：2015-01-22 15:21来源：蓝天飞行翻译公司 作者：民航翻译 点击：次

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ICAO Annex 6, Part I: 4.3.5.1
ICAO Annex 6, Part II: 4.6.1
ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section II: 2.3.5.1; Annex 6, Part III, Section III: 2.6.1
14 CFR: 91.103(a)
8.6.2.5 IFR DESTINATION AERODROMES
(a) No person may conduct an IFR flight unless—
(1) At the time of take-off, the meteorological conditions at the departure aerodrome are at or above the operator’s established aerodrome operating minima for that operation; and
(2) At the time of take-off or point of in-flight re-planning, current meteorological reports or a combination of current reports and forecasts indicate that the meteorological conditions will be, at the estimated time of use, at or above the operator’s established aerodrome operating minima for that operation.
Note: A partial exception is granted for commercial air transport IFR flight planning, to the effect that the meteorological conditions at the destination do not have to be at or above the approach minima to release and commence a flight, as long as the designated alternate aerodrome meets the IFR meteorological selection criteria.
ICAO Annex 6, Part I: 4.3.5.2
ICAO Annex 6, Part II: 4.5; 4.6.3.1
ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section II: 2.3.5.2; Annex 6, Part III, Section III: 2.5; 2.6.3.1
14 CFR: 121.613; 135.219
8.6.2.6 IFR DESTINATION ALTERNATE REQUIREMENT
(a) [AAC] No person may commence an IFR flight in an aeroplane without at least one destination alternate aerodrome listed in the flight plan unless—
(1) The duration of the flight and the meteorological conditions prevailing are such that there is reasonable certainty that, at the ETA at the aerodrome of intended landing, and for a reasonable period before and after such time, the approach and landing may be made under visual meteorological conditions; or
(2) The aerodrome of intended landing is isolated and there is no suitable destination alternate aerodrome, and
(i) There is a standard instrument approach procedure prescribed for the aerodrome of intended landing by the jurisdictional authorities; and
(ii) Available current meteorological information indicates that the following meteorological conditions will exist from two hours before to two hours after the ETA—
(A) A cloud base of at least 600 m (2000 ft) above the airport elevation; and
(B) Visibility will be at least 3 km (2 statute miles).
(b) [AOC] No person may commence an IFR flight in an aeroplane –
(1) without at least one destination alternate aerodrome listed in the flight plan unless—
(i) the duration of the flight from the departure aerodrome, or from the point of in-flight re-planning to the destination aerodrome is such that, taking into account all meteorological conditions and operational information relevant to the flight, at the estimated time of use there is a reasonable certainty that
(A) the approach and landing may be made under visual meteorological condition; and
(B) separate runways are usable at the estimated time of use of the destination aerodrome with at least one runway having an operational instrument approach procedure, or
(ii) the aerodrome is isolated, and
(A) for each flight into an isolated aerodrome a point of no return shall be determined; and
(B) a flight to be conducted to an isolated aerodrome shall not be continued past the point of no return unless a current assessment of meteorological conditions, traffic, and other operational conditions indicate that a safe landing can be made at the estimated time of use.
(C) The fuel requirements of Subsection 8.6.2.15(b)(4)(iv) are met.
(2) without at least two destination alternate aerodromes listed in the operational and ATC flight plan when, for the destination aerodrome –
(i) meteorological condition as at the estimated time of use will be below the operator’s established aerodrome operating minima for that operation; or
(ii) meteorological information is not available.
Note 1: Separate runways are two or more runways at the same aerodrome configured such that if one runway is closed, operations to the other runway(s) can be conducted.
Note 2: ICAO Doc 9976, Flight Planning and Fuel Management Manual, contains guidance on planning operations to isolated aerodromes.
(c) [AAC] No person may commence an IFR flight in a helicopter,
(1) where no alternate aerodrome is required unless,
(i) The operation is conducted as general aviation: and
(ii) Available current meteorological information indicates that the following meteorological conditions will exist from two hours before to two hours after the ETA:
(A) A cloud base of at least 300 m (1000 ft) above the aerodrome elevation, or at least 120 m (400 ft) above the lowest applicable approach minimum, whichever is higher; and
(B) Visibility will be of at least 3 km (2 statute miles).
Note: These should be considered as minimum values where a reliable and continuous meteorological watch is maintained. When only an “area” type forecast is available, these values should be increased accordingly.
(1) without at least one destination alternate heliport listed in the flight plan unless the available information indicates that conditions, at the heliport of intended landing and at least one alternate heliport will, at the ETA, be at or above the heliport operating minima.
Note: It is the practice in some States to declare, for flight planning purposes, higher minima for a heliport when nominated as an alternate than for the same heliport when planned as that of intended landing.
(d) [AOC] No person may commence an IFR flight in a helicopter –
(1) without at least one destination alternate heliport listed in the flight plan unless the available information indicates that conditions, at the heliport of intended landing, and for a reasonable period before and after such time, the approach and landing may be made under visual meteorological conditions as prescribed by [STATE], or
(2) without at least two destination alternate heliports, forecast to be at are above the helicopter operating minima, listed in the operational and ATC flight plan when, at the time of flight departure, the intended heliport destination is forecast to be below the helicopter operating minima; or
(3) If the heliport of intended landing is isolated and no suitable alternate is available, in which case a point of no return shall be determined.
(e) The ceiling and visibility requirements for operations conducted in accordance with paragraphs (a) – (d) may be reduced upon approval of the Authority for—
(1) Other categories of aircraft, such as powered-lift, and airships;
(2) Commercial air transport where the Authority has approved alternate minima as an equivalent level of safety based on the results of a specific safety risk assessment demonstrated by the operator, which contains the following:
(i) Capabilities of the operator;
(ii) Overall capability of the aeroplane and its systems;
(iii) Available aerodrome technologies, capabilities and infrastructure;
(iv) Quality and reliability of meteorological information;
(v) Identified hazards and safety risks associated with each alternate aerodrome variation;
(vi) Specific mitigation measures.
Note: ICAO Doc 9859, Safety Management Manual, and ICAO Doc 9976, Flight Planning and Fuel Management Manual, contain guidance on performing a safety risk assessment and on determining variations, including examples of variations.
ICAO Annex 6, Part I: 4.3.4.3; 4.3.4.3.1; 4.3.4.3.2; 4.3.4.4; 4.3.6.3 (d)(4)
ICAO Annex 6, Part II, Section II: 2.2.3.5
ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section II: 2.3.4.2.1; 2.3.4.2.2; 2.3.4.2.3R; Annex 6, Part III, Section III: 2.6.2.1; 2.6.2.2
14 CFR: 91.169(b)
JAR-OPS: 1.295(c)
8.6.2.7 IFR ALTERNATE AERODROME SELECTION CRITERIA
(a) If alternate minimums are published, no PIC may designate an alternate aerodrome in an IFR flight plan unless the current available forecast indicates that the meteorological conditions at that alternate at the ETA –
(1) [AAC] will be at or above those published alternate minimums upon take-off from the departing aerodrome, or
(2) [AOC] will be at or above the operators established minima for that operation upon
(i) take-off from the departing aerodrome, or
(ii) the point of in-flight re-planning.
(b) If alternate minimums are not published, and if there is no prohibition against using the aerodrome as an IFR planning alternate, each PIC shall ensure that the meteorological conditions at that alternate at the ETA will be at or above—
(1) For aeroplanes:
(i) For a precision approach procedure, a ceiling of at least 180 m (600 ft) and visibility of not less than 3 km (2 statute miles); or
(ii) For a non-precision approach procedure, a ceiling of at least 240 m (800 ft) and visibility of not less than 5 km (3 statute miles).
(2) For helicopters:
(i) Ceiling 60 m (200 ft) above the minimum for the approach to be flown, and visibility at least 1 statute mile but never less than the minimum visibility for the approach to be flown: or
(ii) If no instrument approach procedure has been published and no special instrument approach procedure has been issued by the Authority to the operator, for the alternate airport, the ceiling and visibility minima are those allowing descent from the MEA, approach, and landing under basic VFR.
(c) The Planning Minima Table will be used in selecting IFR alternate aerodromes.
Planning Minima
(Ceiling & RVR/visibility required, if applicable)
Type of Approach Aerodrome with
at least 2 separate approach procedures based on 2 separate aids serving 2 separate runways
(See Note 1) at least 2 separate approach procedures based on 2 separate aids serving 1 runway or, at least 1 approach procedure based on 1 aid serving 1 runway

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