(a) [AAC] In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a certificate of airworthiness, the instruments, equipment and flight documents prescribed in Part 7 shall be installed or carried, as appropriate, in aircraft according to the aircraft used and to the circumstances under which the flight is to be conducted.
(b) [AAC] All required instruments and equipment shall be approved and installed in accordance with applicable airworthiness requirements.
(c) [AAC] Prior to operation in [STATE] of any aircraft not registered in [STATE] that uses an airworthiness inspection programme approved or accepted by the State of Registry, the owner/operator shall ensure that instruments and equipment required by [STATE] but not installed in the aircraft are properly installed and inspected in accordance with the requirements of the State of Registry.
(d) [AOC] No person shall commence a flight in commercial air transport operations unless the required equipment—
(1) Meets the minimum performance standard, all operational and airworthiness requirements and the relevant provisions of ICAO Annex 10, Volume IV.
(2) Is installed such that the failure of any single unit required for either communication or navigation purposes, or both, will not result in the inability to communicate and/or navigate safely on the route being flown.
(3) Is in operable condition for the kind of operation being conducted, except as provided in the MEL.
(e) [AAC] If equipment is to be used by one flight crewmember at his or her station during flight, it shall be installed so as to be readily operable from that flight crewmember’s station.
(f) [AAC] When a single item of equipment is required to be operated by more than one flight crewmember, it shall be installed so that the equipment is readily operable from any station at which the equipment is required to be operated.
ICAO Annex 6 Part I: 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.2.1
ICAO Annex 6, Part II: 6.1.1;
ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section II: 4.1.1; 4.1.2
ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section III: 4.1.1
ICAO Doc.  9388: Chapter 4, Section II: 2.4.1.1, 2.4.2.1
14 CFR: 91.205;121.301; 121.303, 121.305; 121.309
JAR-OPS 1: 1 1.650 (m), 1.652(p-q), 1.630, 1.845
7.2 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
7.2.1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
(a) [AAC] All aircraft shall be equipped with flight instruments which will enable the flight crew to—
(1) Control the flight path of the aircraft;
(2) Carry out any required procedural manoeuvres; and
(3) Observe the operating limitations of the aircraft in the expected operating conditions.
(b) [AAC] When a means is provided for transferring an instrument from its primary operating system to an alternative system, the means shall include a positive positioning control and shall be marked to indicate clearly which system is being used.
(c) [AAC] Those instruments that are used by any one pilot shall be so arranged as to permit the pilot to see the indications readily from his or her station, with the minimum practicable deviation from the position and line of vision which he normally assumes when looking forward along the flight path.
ICAO Annex 6 Part I: 6.2.1, 6.9.2.2
ICAO Annex 6, Part II: Section II: 2.4.2.1
ICAO Annex 6, Part II, Section III: 3.6.5.2.3
ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section II: 4.2.1
ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section III: 4.1.2
ICAO Doc.  9388: Chapter 4, Section II: 2.4.1.1; 2.4.1.2; 2.4.2.2
14 CFR: 25.1333; 121.305
7.2.1.2 MINIMUM FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
(a) [AAC] No person may operate any powered aircraft unless it is equipped with the following flight instruments:
(1) An airspeed indicating system calibrated in knots, miles per hour or kilometers per hour.
(2)  Sensitive pressure altimeter calibrated in feet with a sub-scale setting calibrated in hectopascals/millibars, adjustable for any barometric pressure likely to be set during flight.
(3) An accurate timepiece indicating time in hours, minutes, and seconds.
(i) For non-AOC operations, either equipage or carriage is acceptable.
(4) A magnetic compass.
(5) Any other equipment as prescribed by the Authority, and
Note:  This applies to both VFR and IFR operation in addition to the additional requirements for IFR elsewhere in this Part.
(b) [AAC] No person may operate an aeroplane in VFR flight as a controlled flight unless it is equipped in with the instruments in 7.2.1.4.
ICAO Annex 6, Part I:  6.4.1, 6.4.2; 6.9.
ICAO Annex 6, Part II, Section II: 2.4.3; 2.4.2.1; 2.4.3.2R
ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section II: 4.4.1
ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section III:  4.2.1
ICAO Doc, 9388, Chapter 4, Section II:  2.4.2.5
14 CFR: 91.205; 121.305
JAR-OPS 1: 1.650(a-d)
7.2.1.3 INSTRUMENTS FOR OPERATIONS REQUIRING TWO PILOTS IN DAY VFR
(a) [AOC] Whenever two pilots are required, each pilot's station shall have separate flight instruments as follows:
(1) An airspeed indicator calibrated in knots, miles per hour or kilometers per hour;
(2) A sensitive pressure altimeter calibrated in feet with a sub-scale setting calibrated in hectopascals/millibars, adjustable for any barometric pressure likely to be set during flight;
(3) A vertical speed indicator;
(4) A turn and slip indicator, or a turn co-coordinator incorporating a slip indicator;
(5) An attitude indicator;
(i) A stabilised direction indicator, and
(ii) Any other equipment as required by the Authority.
JAR-OPS 1: 1.650(K)
7.2.1.4 INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED FOR IFR OPERATIONS
(a) [AAC] All aeroplanes when operated in IFR, or when the aircraft cannot be maintained in a desired altitude without reference to one or more flight instruments, shall be equipped with--
(1) A means of measuring and displaying:
(i) Magnetic heading (standby compass);
(ii) the time in hours, minutes and seconds;
(A) for non-AOC operations, either equipage or carriage is acceptable.
(iii) Pressure altitude;
(iv) Indicated airspeed, with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing;
(v) Turn and slip;
(vi) Aircraft attitude; and
(vii) Stabilised aircraft heading, and
Note: The requirements of (v), (vi), and (vii) may be met by combinations of instruments or by integrated flight director systems, provided that the safeguards against total failure, inherent in the three separate instruments, are retained.
(viii) Whether the supply of power to the gyroscopic instruments is adequate;
(ix) The outside air temperature;
(x) Rate-of-climb and descent; and
(2) In addition, for aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg or equipped with one or more turbojet engines—
(i) An emergency power supply for electrically operated attitude indicating instruments
(A) Independent of the main electrical generating system for the purpose of operating and illuminating, for a minimum period of 30 minutes, an attitude indicating instrument (artificial horizon), clearly visible to the pilot-in-command, and
(B) Automatically operative after the total failure of the main electrical generating system and clear indication given on the instrument panel that the attitude indicator(s) is being operated by emergency power; and
(ii) For aeroplanes with advanced cockpit automation systems (glass cockpits), system redundancy that provides the flight crew with attitude, heading, airspeed and altitude indications in case of failure of the primary system or display; and
(3) Such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.
ICAO Annex 6, Part II, Section II: 2.4.7
ICAO Annex 6, Part II, Section III: 3.6.5; 3.6.5.1; 3.6.5.2; 3.6.5.2.1; 3.6.5.2.2R
(b) [AOC] All aeroplanes when operated in IFR, or when the aircraft cannot be maintained in a desired attitude without reference to one or more flight instruments, shall be equipped with—
(1) For all aeroplanes:
(i) A magnetic compass;
(ii) An accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds;
(iii) Two sensitive pressure altimeters with counter drum-pointer or equivalent presentation:
Note:  Neither three-pointer nor drum-pointer altimeters satisfy this requirement.
(iv) An airspeed indicating system with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing;
(v) A turn and slip indicator aeroplanes or a slip indicator for helicopters;
(vi) Attitude indicator (artificial horizon);
(vii) A heading indicator (directional gyroscope);
Note: The requirements of items (v), (vi) and (vii) may be met by combinations of instruments or by integrated flight director systems provided that the safeguards against total failure, inherent in the separate instruments are retained;
(viii) A means of indicating whether the supply of power to the gyroscopic instruments is adequate;
(ix) A means of indicating in the flightcrew compartment the outside air temperature;
(x) A rate-of-climb and descent indicator;
(2) In addition, for aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding