直升机飞行手册 Helicopter Flying Handbook

时间：2014-11-09 12:30来源：FAA 作者：直升机翻译 点击：次

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Normal Takeoffs and Landings
Slope Takeoffs and Landings
Use of Collective
Precautions
Low-G Conditions and Mast Bumping
Low Rotor RPM and Blade Stall
Recovery From Low Rotor RPM
System Malfunctions
Antitorque System Failure
Landing—Stuck Left Pedal
Landing—Stuck Neutral or Right Pedal
Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness (LTE)
Main Rotor Disk Interference (285–315°)
Weathercock Stability (120–240°)
LTE at Altitude
Reducing the Onset of LTE
Recovery Technique
Main Drive Shaft or Clutch Failure
Hydraulic Failure
Governor or Fuel Control Failure
Abnormal Vibration
Low-Frequency Vibrations
Medium- and High-Frequency Vibrations
Tracking and Balance
Multiengine Emergency Operations
Single-Engine Failure
Dual-Engine Failure
Lost Procedures
Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear
Chapter Summary
Chapter 12 Attitude Instrument Flying
Introduction
Flight Instruments
Instrument Check
Airspeed Indicator
Altimeter
Turn Indicator
Magnetic Compass
Helicopter Control and Performance
Helicopter Control
Common Errors of Attitude Instrument Flying
Fixation
Omission
Emphasis
Inadvertent Entry into IMC
Glass Cockpit or Advanced Avionics Aircraft
Chapter Summary
Chapter 13 Night Operations
Introduction
Visual Deficiencies
Night Myopia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Presbyopia
Vision in Flight
Visual Acuity
The Eye
Cones
Rods
Night Vision
Night Scanning
Obstruction Detection
Aircraft Lighting
Visual Illusions
Relative-Motion Illusion
Confusion With Ground Lights
Reversible Perspective Illusion
Flicker Vertigo
Night Flight
Preflight
Cockpit Lights
Engine Starting and Rotor Engagement
Taxi Technique
Takeoff
En Route Procedures
Collision Avoidance at Night
Approach and Landing
Illusions Leading to Landing Errors
Featureless Terrain Illusion
Atmospheric Illusions
Ground Lighting Illusions
Helicopter Night VFR Operations
Chapter Summary
Chapter 14 Effective Aeronautical Decision-Making
Introduction
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM)
Scenario
Trescott Tips
The Decision-Making Process
Defining the Problem
Choosing a Course of Action
Implementing the Decision and Evaluating the
Outcome
Decision-Making Models
Pilot Self-Assessment
Curiosity: Healthy or Harmful?
The PAVE Checklist
Single-Pilot Resource Management
Risk Management
Four Risk Elements
Assessing Risk
Using the 3P Model To Form Good Safety Habits
Workload or Task Management
Situational Awareness
Obstacles to Maintaining Situational Awareness
Operational Pitfalls
Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) Awareness
Automation Management
Chapter Summary
Glossary G-1
Index I-1
xii
As an aircraft, the primary advantages of the helicopter are due to the rotor blades that revolve through the air, providing lift without requiring the aircraft to move forward. This creates the ability of the helicopter to take off and land vertically without the need for runways. For this reason, helicopters are often used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft are not able to take off or land. The lift from the rotor also allows the helicopter to hover in one area and to do so more efficiently than other forms of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, allowing it to accomplish tasks that fixed-wing aircraft are unable to perform. [Figuresand 1-2]
Piloting a helicopter requires a great deal of training and skill, as well as continuous attention to the machine. The pilot must think in three dimensions and must use both arms and both legs constantly to keep the helicopter in the air. Coordination, control touch, and timing are all used simultaneously when flying a helicopter.

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