时间：2011-04-18 00:50来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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6.5.2. Radio Call Signs Preferred radio call sign for the ARFF IC is “(location/facility) Command” when communica-ting with the flight crew and the FAA ATCT. EXAMPLE. LAX Command. Washington Command. 6.5.3. ARFF Emergency Hand Signals In the event that electronic communications cannot be maintained between the ARFF IC and the flight crew, standard emergency hand signals as depicted in FIG 6.5.1 through FIG 6.5.3 should be used. These hand signals should be known and understood by all cockpit and cabin aircrew, and all ARFF firefighters. FIG 6.5.1 Recommend Evacuation FIG 6.5.2 Recommend Stop Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Communications 6.5.1 FIG 6.5.3 Emergency Contained 6.5.2 Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Communications Chapter 7. Safety of Flight Section 1. Meteorology 7.1.1. National Weather Service Aviation Products a. Weather service to aviation is a joint effort of the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the military weather services, and other aviation oriented groups and individuals. The NWS maintains an extensive surface, upper air, and radar weather observing program; a nationwide aviation weather forecasting service; and provides limited pilot briefing service (interpretational). Pilot weather briefings are pro-vided by personnel at Flight Service Stations operated by FAA (in Alaska) or by federal contract facilities (elsewhere in the U.S.). Aviation routine weather reports (METAR) are taken manually by NWS, FAA, contractors, or supplemental observers. METAR reports are also provided by Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) and Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS). REFERENCE. AIM, Para 7.1.12, Weather Observing Programs. b. Aerodrome forecasts are prepared by approxi-mately 100 Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs). These offices prepare and distribute approximately 525 aerodrome forecasts 4 times daily for specific airports in the 50 States, Puerto Rico, the Caribbean and Pacific Islands. These forecasts are valid for 24 hours and amended as required. WFOs prepare over 300 route forecasts and 39 synopses for Transcribed Weather Broadcasts (TWEB), and briefing purposes. The route forecasts are issued 4 times daily, each forecast is valid for 12 hours. A centralized aviation forecast program originating from the Aviation Weather Center (AWC) in Kansas City was implemented in October 1995. In the conterminous U.S., all Inflight Advisories Signifi-cant Meteorological Information (SIGMETs), Convective SIGMETs, and Airmen’s Meteorological Information (AIRMETs) and all Area Forecasts (FAs) (6 areas) are now issued by AWC. FAs are prepared 3 times a day in the conterminous U.S. and Alaska (4 times in Hawaii), and amended as required. Inflight Advisories are issued only when conditions warrant. Winds aloft forecasts are provided for 176 locations in the 48 contiguous States and 21 locations in Alaska for flight planning purposes. (Winds aloft forecasts for Hawaii are prepared locally.) All the aviation weather forecasts are given wide distribution through the Weather Message Switching Center Replacement (WMSCR) in Atlanta, Georgia, and Salt Lake City, Utah. REFERENCE. AIM, Para 7.1.6, Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories. c. Weather element values may be expressed by using different measurement systems depending on several factors, such as whether the weather products will be used by the general public, aviation interests, international services, or a combination of these users. FIG 7.1.1 provides conversion tables for the most used weather elements that will be encountered by pilots. 7.1.2. FAA Weather Services a.The FAA maintains a nationwide network of Automated Flight Service Stations (AFSSs/FSSs) to serve the weather needs of pilots. In addition, NWS meteorologists are assigned to most ARTCCs as part of the Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU). They provide Center Weather Advisories (CWAs) and gather weather information to support the needs of the FAA and other users of the system. b.The primary source of preflight weather briefings is an individual briefing obtained from a briefer at the AFSS/FSS. These briefings, which are tailored to your specific flight, are available 24 hours a day through the use of the toll free number (1.800.WX BRIEF). Numbers for these services can be found in the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) under “FAA and NWS Telephone Numbers” section. They may also be listed in the U.S. Government section of your local telephone directory under Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration. REFERENCE. AIM, Para 7.1.4, Preflight Briefing, explains the types of preflight briefings available and the information contained in each. Meteorology 7.1.1 FIG 7.1.1 Weather Elements Conversion Tables 7.1.2 Meteorology c. Other Sources of Weather Information 1. Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS) (AFSS); and in Alaska, Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB) locations, and telephone access to the TWEB (TEL.TWEB) provide continuously updated recorded weather information for short or local flights. Separate paragraphs in this section give additional information regarding these services. REFERENCE. AIM, Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS), Paragraph 7.1.8. AIM, Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB) (Alaska Only), Paragraph 7.1.9. 2.Weather and aeronautical information are also available from numerous private industry sources on an individual or contract pay basis. Information on how to obtain this service should be available from local pilot organizations. 3.The Direct User Access Terminal Sys-tem (DUATS) can be accessed by pilots with a current medical certificate toll-free in the 48 contigu-ous States via personal computer. Pilots can receive alpha-numeric preflight weather data and file domestic VFR and IFR flight plans. The following are the contract DUATS vendors: Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC) 15000 Conference Center Drive Chantilly, VA 22021.3808 Internet Access: http://www.duats.com Telnet Access (modem terminal.style): |
