时间：2011-04-18 00:50来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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(b)A corrected estimate at anytime it becomes apparent that an estimate as previously submitted is in error in excess of 3 minutes. For flights in the North Atlantic (NAT), a revised estimate is required if the error is 3 minutes or more. b.Pilots encountering weather conditions which have not been forecast, or hazardous conditions which have been forecast, are expected to forward a report of such weather to ATC. REFERENCE. AIM, Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs), Paragraph 7.1.20. 14 CFR Section 91.183(B) and (C). En Route Procedures 5.3.4 5.3.4. Airways and Route Systems a. Three fixed route systems are established for air navigation purposes. They are the Federal airway system (consisting of VOR and L/MF routes), the jet route system, and the RNAV route system. To the extent possible, these route systems are aligned in an overlying manner to facilitate transition between each. 1. The VOR and L/MF (nondirectional radio beacons) Airway System consists of airways designated from 1,200 feet above the surface (or in some instances higher) up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL. These airways are depicted on Enroute Low Altitude Charts. NOTE. The altitude limits of a victor airway should not be exceeded except to effect transition within or between route structures. (a) Except in Alaska and coastal North Carolina, the VOR airways are: predicated solely on VOR or VORTAC navigation aids; depicted in blue on aeronautical charts; and identified by a “V” (Victor) followed by the airway number (e.g., V12). NOTE. Segments of VOR airways in Alaska and North Carolina (V56, V290) are based on L/MF navigation aids and charted in brown instead of blue on en route charts. (1) A segment of an airway which is common to two or more routes carries the numbers of all the airways which coincide for that segment. When such is the case, pilots filing a flight plan need to indicate only that airway number for the route filed. NOTE. A pilot who intends to make an airway flight, using VOR facilities, will simply specify the appropriate “victor” airway(s) in the flight plan. For example, if a flight is to be made from Chicago to New Orleans at 8,000 feet, using omniranges only, the route may be indicated as “departing from Chicago.Midway, cruising 8,000 feet via Victor 9 to Moisant International.” If flight is to be conducted in part by means of L/MF navigation aids and in part on omniranges, specifications of the appropriate airways in the flight plan will indicate which types of facilities will be used along the described routes, and, for IFR flight, permit ATC to issue a traffic clearance accordingly. A route may also be described by specifying the station over which the flight will pass, but in this case since many VORs and L/MF aids have the same name, the pilot must be careful to indicate which aid will be used at a particular location. This will be indicated in the route of flight portion of the AIM flight plan by specifying the type of facility to be used after the location name in the following manner: Newark L/MF, Allentown VOR. (2)With respect to position reporting, reporting points are designated for VOR Airway Systems. Flights using Victor Airways will report over these points unless advised otherwise by ATC. (b)The L/MF airways (colored airways) are predicated solely on L/MF navigation aids and are depicted in brown on aeronautical charts and are identified by color name and number (e.g., Amber One). Green and Red airways are plotted east and west. Amber and Blue airways are plotted north and south. NOTE. Except for G13 in North Carolina, the colored airway system exists only in the state of Alaska. All other such airways formerly so designated in the conterminous U.S. have been rescinded. (c) The use of TSO.C145a or TSO.C146a GPS/WAAS navigation systems is allowed in Alaska as the only means of navigation on published air traffic routes including those Victor and colored airway segments designated with a second minimum en route altitude (MEA) depicted in blue and followed by the letter G at those lower altitudes. The altitudes so depicted are below the minimum reception altitude (MRA) of the land.based navigation facility defining the route segment, and guarantee standard en route obstacle clearance and two.way communications. Air carrier operators requiring operations specifications are authorized to conduct operations on those routes in accordance with FAA operations specifications. 2. The jet route system consists of jet routes established from 18,000 feet MSL to FL 450 inclusive. (a) These routes are depicted on Enroute High Altitude Charts. Jet routes are depicted in black on aeronautical charts and are identified by a “J” (Jet) followed by the airway number (e.g., J12). Jet routes, as VOR airways, are predicated solely on VOR or VORTAC navigation facilities (except in Alaska). NOTE. Segments of jet routes in Alaska are based on L/MF navigation aids and are charted in brown color instead of black on en route charts. (b) With respect to position reporting, reporting points are designated for jet route systems. En Route Procedures 5.3.5 Flights using jet routes will report over these points unless otherwise advised by ATC. 3. Area Navigation (RNAV) Routes. (a) Published RNAV routes, including Q.Routes and T.Routes, can be flight planned for use by aircraft with RNAV capability, subject to any limitations or requirements noted on en route charts, in applicable Advisory Circulars, or by NOTAM. RNAV routes are depicted in blue on aeronautical charts and are identified by the letter “Q” or “T” followed by the airway number (e.g., Q.13, T.205). Published RNAV routes are RNAV.2 except when specifically charted as RNAV.1. These routes require system performance currently met by GPS or DME/DME/IRU RNAV systems that satisfy the criteria discussed in AC 90.100A, U.S. Terminal and En Route Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations. |
