时间：2011-04-18 00:50来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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REFERENCE. AIM, Chapter 4, Section 2, Radio Communications Phraseology and Techniques, gives additional communications information. e. Use of Traffic Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS) provides an additional element of safety to parallel approach operations. Pilots should follow recommended TCAS operating procedures presented in approved flight manuals, original equipment manufacturer recommendations, professional newsletters, and FAA publications. Arrival Procedures 5.4.34 FIG 5.4.18 Parallel ILS Approaches Arrival Procedures 5.4.35 5.4.14. Parallel ILS/MLS Approaches (Dependent)(See FIG 5.4.19.)FIG 5.4.19 Staggered ILS Approaches a.Parallel approaches are an ATC procedure permitting parallel ILS/MLS approaches to airports having parallel runways separated by at least 2,500 feet between centerlines. Integral parts of a total system are ILS/MLS, radar, communications, ATC procedures, and required airborne equipment. b.A parallel (dependent) approach differs from a simultaneous (independent) approach in that, the minimum distance between parallel runway centerlines is reduced; there is no requirement for radar monitoring or advisories; and a staggered separation of aircraft on the adjacent localizer/azimuth course is required. c.Aircraft are afforded a minimum of 1.5 miles radar separation diagonally between successive aircraft on the adjacent localizer/azimuth course when runway centerlines are at least 2,500 feet but no more than 4,300 feet apart. When runway centerlines are more than 4,300 feet but no more than 9,000 feet apart a minimum of 2 miles diagonal radar separation is provided. Aircraft on the same localizer/azimuth course within 10 miles of the runway end are provided a minimum of 2.5 miles radar separation. In addition, a minimum of 1,000 feet vertical or a minimum of three miles radar separation is provided between aircraft during turn on to the parallel final approach course. d. Whenever parallel ILS/MLS approaches are in progress, pilots are informed that approaches to both runways are in use. In addition, the radar controller will have the interphone capability of communicating with the tower controller where separation responsibility has not been delegated to the tower. Arrival Procedures 5.4.36 5.4.15. Simultaneous Parallel ILS/MLS Approaches (Independent)(See FIG 5.4.20.)FIG 5.4.20 Simultaneous Parallel ILS Approaches (RUNWAY CENTERLINES SPACED 4300’ OR MORE [DUAL RUNWAYS] OR 5000’ OR MORE, [TRIPLE OR QUADRUPLE RUNWAYS] - RADAR MONITORING REQUIRED)a. System. An approach system permitting simultaneous ILS/MLS approaches to parallel runways with centerlines separated by 4,300 to 9,000 feet, and equipped with final monitor controllers. Simultaneous parallel ILS/MLS approaches require radar monitoring to ensure separation between aircraft on the adjacent parallel approach course. Aircraft position is tracked by final monitor controllers who will issue instructions to aircraft observed deviating from the assigned localizer course. Staggered radar separation procedures are not utilized. Integral parts of a total system are ILS/MLS, radar, communications, ATC procedures, and required airborne equipment. The Approach Procedure Chart permitting simultaneous parallel ILS/MLS approaches will contain the note “simultaneous approaches authorized RWYS 14L and 14R,” identifying the appropriate runways as the case may be. When advised that simultaneous parallel ILS/MLS approaches are in progress, pilots shall advise approach control immediately of malfunctioning or inoperative receivers, or if a simultaneous parallel ILS/MLS approach is not desired. b. Radar Monitoring. This service is provided for each simultaneous parallel ILS/MLS approach to ensure aircraft do not deviate from the final approach course. Radar monitoring includes instructions if an aircraft nears or penetrates the prescribed NTZ (an Arrival Procedures 5.4.37 area 2,000 feet wide located equidistant between parallel final approach courses). This service will be provided as follows: 1.During turn on to parallel final approach, aircraft will be provided 3 miles radar separation or a minimum or 1,000 feet vertical separation. The assigned altitude must be maintained until intercepting the glide path, unless cleared otherwise by ATC. Aircraft will not be vectored to intercept the final approach course at an angle greater than thirty degrees. 2.The final monitor controller will have the capability of overriding the tower controller on the tower frequency. 3.Pilots will be instructed to monitor the tower frequency to receive advisories and instructions. 4.Aircraft observed to overshoot the turn-on or to continue on a track which will penetrate the NTZ will be instructed to return to the correct final approach course immediately. The final monitor controller may also issue missed approach or breakout instructions to the deviating aircraft. PHRASEOLOGY. “(Aircraft call sign) YOU HAVE CROSSED THE FINAL APPROACH COURSE. TURN (left/right)IMMEDIATELY AND RETURN TO THE LOCALIZER/AZIMUTH COURSE,” or “(aircraft call sign) TURN (left/right) AND RETURN TO THE LOCALIZER/AZIMUTH COURSE.” 5. If a deviating aircraft fails to respond to such instructions or is observed penetrating the NTZ, the aircraft on the adjacent final approach course may be instructed to alter course. PHRASEOLOGY. “TRAFFIC ALERT (aircraft call sign) TURN (left/right) IMMEDIATELY HEADING (degrees), (climb/descend) AND MAINTAIN (altitude).” 6. Radar monitoring will automatically be terminated when visual separation is applied, the aircraft reports the approach lights or runway in sight, or the aircraft is 1 mile or less from the runway threshold (for runway centerlines spaced 4,300 feet or greater). Final monitor controllers will not advise pilots when radar monitoring is terminated. Arrival Procedures 5.4.38 5.4.16. Simultaneous Close Parallel ILS PRM Approaches (Independent) and Simultaneous Offset Instrument Approaches (SOIA) (See FIG 5.4.21.)FIG 5.4.21 ILS PRM Approaches (Simultaneous Close Parallel)a. System. 1. ILS/PRM is an acronym for Instrument Landing System/Precision Runway Monitor. (a) An approach system that permits simultaneous ILS/PRM approaches to dual runways with centerlines separated by less than 4,300 feet but at least 3,400 feet for parallel approach courses, and at least 3,000 feet if one ILS if offset by 2.5 to |
