时间：2011-04-18 00:50来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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Night-Red flashes from signal lamp. Night-Red flashes from signal lamp. Emergency Services Available to Pilots 6.2.12 Section 3. Distress and Urgency Procedures 6.3.1. Distress and Urgency Communications a.A pilot who encounters a distress or urgency condition can obtain assistance simply by contacting the air traffic facility or other agency in whose area of responsibility the aircraft is operating, stating the nature of the difficulty, pilot’s intentions and assistance desired. Distress and urgency communica-tions procedures are prescribed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), however, and have decided advantages over the informal procedure described above. b.Distress and urgency communications proce-dures discussed in the following paragraphs relate to the use of air ground voice communications. c.The initial communication, and if considered necessary, any subsequent transmissions by an aircraft in distress should begin with the signal MAYDAY, preferably repeated three times. The signal PAN.PAN should be used in the same manner for an urgency condition. d.Distress communications have absolute priority over all other communications, and the word MAYDAY commands radio silence on the frequency in use. Urgency communications have priority over all other communications except distress, and the word PAN.PAN warns other stations not to interfere with urgency transmissions. e.Normally, the station addressed will be the air traffic facility or other agency providing air traffic services, on the frequency in use at the time. If the pilot is not communicating and receiving services, the station to be called will normally be the air traffic facility or other agency in whose area of responsibil-ity the aircraft is operating, on the appropriate assigned frequency. If the station addressed does not respond, or if time or the situation dictates, the distress or urgency message may be broadcast, or a collect call may be used, addressing “Any Station (Tower)(Radio)(Radar).” f.The station addressed should immediately acknowledge a distress or urgency message, provide assistance, coordinate and direct the activities of assisting facilities, and alert the appropriate search and rescue coordinator if warranted. Responsibility will be transferred to another station only if better handling will result. g.All other stations, aircraft and ground, will continue to listen until it is evident that assistance is being provided. If any station becomes aware that the station being called either has not received a distress or urgency message, or cannot communicate with the aircraft in difficulty, it will attempt to contact the aircraft and provide assistance. h.Although the frequency in use or other frequencies assigned by ATC are preferable, the following emergency frequencies can be used for distress or urgency communications, if necessary or desirable: 1.121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz. Both have a range generally limited to line of sight. 121.5 MHz is guarded by direction finding stations and some military and civil aircraft. 243.0 MHz is guarded by military aircraft. Both 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz are guarded by military towers, most civil towers, FSSs, and radar facilities. Normally ARTCC emergency frequency capability does not extend to radar coverage limits. If an ARTCC does not respond when called on 121.5 MHz or 243.0 MHz, call the nearest tower or FSS. 2.2182 kHz. The range is generally less than 300 miles for the average aircraft installation. It can be used to request assistance from stations in the maritime service. 2182 kHz is guarded by major radio stations serving Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Centers, and Coast Guard units along the sea coasts of the U.S. and shores of the Great Lakes. The call “Coast Guard” will alert all Coast Guard Radio Stations within range. 2182 kHz is also guarded by most commercial coast stations and some ships and boats. Distress and Urgency Procedures 6.3.1 6.3.2. Obtaining Emergency Assistance a. A pilot in any distress or urgency condition should immediately take the following action, not necessarily in the order listed, to obtain assistance: 1.Climb, if possible, for improved communica-tions, and better radar and direction finding detection. However, it must be understood that unauthorized climb or descent under IFR conditions within controlled airspace is prohibited, except as permitted by 14 CFR Section 91.3(b). 2.If equipped with a radar beacon transponder (civil) or IFF/SIF (military): (a)Continue squawking assigned Mode A/3 discrete code/VFR code and Mode C altitude encoding when in radio contact with an air traffic facility or other agency providing air traffic services, unless instructed to do otherwise. (b)If unable to immediately establish com-munications with an air traffic facility/agency, squawk Mode A/3, Code 7700/Emergency and Mode C. 3. Transmit a distress or urgency message consisting of as many as necessary of the following elements, preferably in the order listed: (a)If distress, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAY. DAY; if urgency, PAN.PAN, PAN.PAN, PAN.PAN. (b)Name of station addressed. (c)Aircraft identification and type. (d)Nature of distress or urgency. (e)Weather. (f)Pilots intentions and request. (g)Present position, and heading; or if lost, last known position, time, and heading since that position. (h)Altitude or flight level. (i)Fuel remaining in minutes. (j)Number of people on board. (k)Any other useful information. REFERENCE. Pilot/Controller Glossary Term. Fuel Remaining. b.After establishing radio contact, comply with advice and instructions received. Cooperate. Do not hesitate to ask questions or clarify instructions when you do not understand or if you cannot comply with clearance. Assist the ground station to control communications on the frequency in use. Silence interfering radio stations. Do not change frequency or change to another ground station unless absolutely necessary. If you do, advise the ground station of the new frequency and station name prior to the change, transmitting in the blind if necessary. If two-way communications cannot be established on the new frequency, return immediately to the frequency or station where two-way communications last existed. |
