时间：2011-04-18 00:50来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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c.The air traffic controller is responsible to give first priority to the separation of aircraft and to the issuance of radar safety alerts, second priority to other services that are required, but do not involve separation of aircraft and third priority to additional services to the extent possible. d.In order to maintain a safe and efficient air traffic system, it is necessary that each party fulfill their responsibilities to the fullest. e.The responsibilities of the pilot and the controller intentionally overlap in many areas providing a degree of redundancy. Should one or the other fail in any manner, this overlapping responsi-bility is expected to compensate, in many cases, for failures that may affect safety. f.The following, while not intended to be all inclusive, is a brief listing of pilot and controller responsibilities for some commonly used procedures or phases of flight. More detailed explanations are contained in other portions of this publication, the appropriate CFRs, ACs and similar publications. The information provided is an overview of the principles involved and is not meant as an interpretation of the rules nor is it intended to extend or diminish responsibilities. 5.5.2. Air Traffic Clearance a. Pilot. 1.Acknowledges receipt and understanding of an ATC clearance. 2.Reads back any hold short of runway instructions issued by ATC. 3.Requests clarification or amendment, as appropriate, any time a clearance is not fully understood or considered unacceptable from a safety standpoint. 4.Promptly complies with an air traffic clearance upon receipt except as necessary to cope with an emergency. Advises ATC as soon as possible and obtains an amended clearance, if deviation is necessary. NOTE. A clearance to land means that appropriate separation on the landing runway will be ensured. A landing clearance does not relieve the pilot from compliance with any previously issued altitude crossing restriction. b. Controller. 1.Issues appropriate clearances for the opera-tion to be conducted, or being conducted, in accordance with established criteria. 2.Assigns altitudes in IFR clearances that are at or above the minimum IFR altitudes in controlled airspace. 3.Ensures acknowledgement by the pilot for issued information, clearances, or instructions. 4.Ensures that readbacks by the pilot of altitude, heading, or other items are correct. If incorrect, distorted, or incomplete, makes corrections as appropriate. Pilot/Controller Roles and Responsibilities 5.5.1 5.5.3. Contact Approach a. Pilot. 1.Must request a contact approach and makes it in lieu of a standard or special instrument approach. 2.By requesting the contact approach, indicates that the flight is operating clear of clouds, has at least one mile flight visibility, and reasonably expects to continue to the destination airport in those conditions. 3.Assumes responsibility for obstruction clear-ance while conducting a contact approach. 4.Advises ATC immediately if unable to continue the contact approach or if encounters less than 1 mile flight visibility. 5.Is aware that if radar service is being received, it may be automatically terminated when told to contact the tower. REFERENCE. Pilot/Controller Glossary Term. Radar Service Terminated. b. Controller. 1.Issues clearance for a contact approach only when requested by the pilot. Does not solicit the use of this procedure. 2.Before issuing the clearance, ascertains that reported ground visibility at destination airport is at least 1 mile. 3.Provides approved separation between the aircraft cleared for a contact approach and other IFR or special VFR aircraft. When using vertical separation, does not assign a fixed altitude, but clears the aircraft at or below an altitude which is at least 1,000 feet below any IFR traffic but not below Minimum Safe Altitudes prescribed in 14 CFR Section 91.119. 4.Issues alternative instructions if, in their judgment, weather conditions may make completion of the approach impracticable. 5.5.4. Instrument Approach a. Pilot. 1.Be aware that the controller issues clearance for approach based only on known traffic. 2.Follows the procedure as shown on the IAP, including all restrictive notations, such as: (a) Procedure not authorized at night; (b)Approach not authorized when local area altimeter not available; (c)Procedure not authorized when control tower not in operation; (d)Procedure not authorized when glide slope not used; (e)Straight-in minimums not authorized at night; etc. (f)Radar required; or (g)The circling minimums published on the instrument approach chart provide adequate obstruc-tion clearance and pilots should not descend below the circling altitude until the aircraft is in a position to make final descent for landing. Sound judgment and knowledge of the pilot’s and the aircraft’s capabilities are the criteria for determining the exact maneuver in each instance since airport design and the aircraft position, altitude and airspeed must all be considered. REFERENCE. AIM, Approach and Landing Minimums, Paragraph 5.4.20. 3. Upon receipt of an approach clearance while on an unpublished route or being radar vectored: (a)Complies with the minimum altitude for IFR; and (b)Maintains the last assigned altitude until established on a segment of a published route or IAP, at which time published altitudes apply. b.Controller. 1.Issues an approach clearance based on known traffic. 2.Issues an IFR approach clearance only after the aircraft is established on a segment of published route or IAP, or assigns an appropriate altitude for the aircraft to maintain until so established. |
