时间：2011-04-18 00:50来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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3. Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR) . Text reports . Surface meteorological data. The body of the report includes airport identifier, time of observation, wind, visibility, runway visual range, present weather phenomena, sky conditions, temper-ature, dew point, and altimeter setting. Remarks may be appended to the end. REFERENCE. Advisory Circular AC.00.45, “Aviation Weather Services.” 4. Special Aviation Reports (SPECI) . Text reports . Non. routine, unscheduled report when any of SPECI criteria have been met.Contains all data elements found in METAR plus additional informa-tion which elaborates on data. REFERENCE. Reference Advisory Circular AC.00.45, “Aviation Weather Services.” 5. Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) (CONUS and Regional) . Derived from Next Generation Weather Radar (WSR.88D). Radar mosaic consists of multiple single site radar images combined to produce a graphical image on a regional or national scale. Regional and national radar mosaics can be found at the National Weather Service (NWS) Doppler Radar Images web site: http://radar.weather.gov/ridge/. REFERENCE. Advisory Circular AC.00.45, “AviationWeather Services.” 6. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) Distant and Flight Data Center (D/FDC) . Text/graphical reports . includes Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) . TFR text and graphic reports, prescribes procedures used to obtain, format, and disseminate information on unanticipated or temporary changes to compon-ents of or hazards in the NAS until the associated aeronautical charts and related publications have been amended. REFERENCE. FAA Order JO 7930.2, Notices to Airmen (NOTAM). 7. Pilot Weather Reports (PIREP) . Text report . Pilots report observations to assist other pilots with flight planning and preparation, help NWS verify forecast products, and create more accurate products for aviation community. REFERENCE. Advisory Circular AC.00.45, “Aviation Weather Services.” 8. Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) . Text/graphical report . Potentially hazardous en route phenomena such as thunder-storms and hail, turbulence, icing, sand and dust storms, tropical cyclones, and volcanic ash in an area affecting 3,000 square miles or an area deemed to have a significant effect on safety of aircraft operations. REFERENCE. Advisory Circular AC.00.45, “AviationWeather Services.” 9. Special Use Airspace (SUA) Status . Text/graphical report . Establishes/designates airspace in the interest of National Defense, security and/or welfare. Charted SUA identifies to other airspace users where these activities occur. SUA is airspace of defined dimensions wherein activities must be confined because of their nature, or wherein limitations may be imposed upon aircraft operations that are not a part of those activities. REFERENCE. FAA Order JO 7400.2G, Procedures for Handling Airspace Matters. 10. Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and their amendments (AMEND) . Text report . Routine forecast that gives a concise statement of expected meteorological conditions for a specified time period within five statute miles (SM) of the center of the airport’s runway complex (terminal). TAFs are amended whenever they become, in the forecaster’s judgment, unrepresentative of existing or expected conditions, particularly regarding those elements and events significant to aircraft and airports. An amended forecast is identified by TAF AMD (in place of TAF) on the first line of the forecast text. REFERENCE. Advisory Circular AC.00.45, “Aviation Weather Services.” 11. Temperature Aloft . Text report . Computer prepared forecasts, based on North American Mesoscale (NAM) forecast model run, of temperat-ure at specified times, altitudes, and locations. REFERENCE. Advisory Circular AC.00.45, “Aviation Weather Services.” 12. Winds Aloft . Text report . Computer-prepared forecasts, based on North American Mesoscale (NAM) forecast model run, of wind direction and wind speed at specified times, altitudes, and locations. REFERENCE. Advisory Circular AC.00.45, “Aviation Weather Services.” Surveillance Systems 4.5.19 TBL 4.5.2 FIS.B Basic Product Update and Transmission Intervals Product FIS.B Service Update Interval1 FIS.B Service Transmission Interval2 AIRMET As available 5 minutes Convective SIGMET As available 5 minutes METAR/SPECI Hourly/as available 5 minutes NEXRAD Reflectivity (CONUS) 5 minutes 15 minutes NEXRAD Reflectivity (Regional) 5 minutes 2.5 minutes NOTAM.D/FDC As available 10 minutes PIREP As available 10 minutes SIGMET As available 5 minutes SUA Status As available 10 minutes TAF/AMEND 8 hours/as available 10 minutes Temperature Aloft 6 hours 10 minutes Winds Aloft 6 hours 10 minutes 1 The Update Interval is the rate at which the product data is available from the source. 2 The Transmission Interval is the amount of time within which a new or updated product transmission must be completed and the rate or repetition interval at which the product is rebroadcast. NOTE. Details concerning the content, format, and symbols of the various data link products provided should be obtained from the specific avionics manufacturer. 4.5.20 Surveillance Systems Section 6. Operational Policy/Procedures for Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) in the Domestic U.S., Alaska, Offshore Airspace and the San Juan FIR 4.6.1. Applicability and RVSM Mandate (Date/Time and Area)a. |
