时间：2011-04-18 00:50来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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REFERENCE. AIM, Preflight Briefings, Paragraph 7.1.4, contains those items of a weather briefing that should be expected or requested. h. FAA by 14 CFR Part 93, Subpart K, has designated High Density Traffic Airports (HDTAs) and has prescribed air traffic rules and requirements for operating aircraft (excluding helicopter opera-tions) to and from these airports. REFERENCE. Airport/Facility Directory, Special Notices Section. AIM, Airport Reservation Operations and Special Traffic Management Programs, Paragraph 4.1.22. i. In addition to the filing of a flight plan, if the flight will traverse or land in one or more foreign countries, it is particularly important that pilots leave a complete itinerary with someone directly concerned and keep that person advised of the flight’s progress. If serious doubt arises as to the safety of the flight, that person should first contact the FSS. REFERENCE. AIM, Flights Outside the U.S. and U.S. Territories, Paragraph 5.1.10. j. Pilots operating under provisions of 14 CFR Part 135 and not having an FAA assigned 3.letter designator, are urged to prefix the normal registration (N) number with the letter “T” on flight plan filing; e.g., TN1234B. REFERENCE. AIM, Aircraft Call Signs, Paragraph 4.2.4. 5.1.2. Follow IFR Procedures Even When Operating VFR a. To maintain IFR proficiency, pilots are urged to practice IFR procedures whenever possible, even when operating VFR. Some suggested practices include: 1. Obtain a complete preflight and weather briefing. Check the NOTAMs. 2.File a flight plan. This is an excellent low cost insurance policy. The cost is the time it takes to fill it out. The insurance includes the knowledge that someone will be looking for you if you become overdue at your destination. 3.Use current charts. 4.Use the navigation aids. Practice maintaining a good course.keep the needle centered. 5.Maintain a constant altitude which is appropriate for the direction of flight. 6.Estimate en route position times. 7.Make accurate and frequent position reports to the FSSs along your route of flight. b.Simulated IFR flight is recommended (under the hood); however, pilots are cautioned to review and adhere to the requirements specified in 14 CFR Section 91.109 before and during such flight. c.When flying VFR at night, in addition to the altitude appropriate for the direction of flight, pilots should maintain an altitude which is at or above the minimum en route altitude as shown on charts. This is especially true in mountainous terrain, where there is usually very little ground reference. Do not depend on your eyes alone to avoid rising unlighted terrain, or even lighted obstructions such as TV towers. 5.1.3. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) System a. Time-critical aeronautical information which is of either a temporary nature or not sufficiently known in advance to permit publication on aeronautical charts or in other operational publica-tions receives immediate dissemination via the National NOTAM System. NOTE. 1.NOTAM information is that aeronautical information that could affect a pilot’s decision to make a flight. It includes such information as airport or aerodrome primary runway closures, taxiways, ramps, obstructions, communications, airspace, changes in the status of navigational aids, ILSs, radar service availability, and other information essential to planned en route, terminal, or landing operations. 2.NOTAM information is transmitted using standard contractions to reduce transmission time. See TBL 5.1.1 for a listing of the most commonly used contractions. For a complete listing, see FAA Order JO 7340.2, Contractions. b. NOTAM information is classified into four categories. These are NOTAM (D) or distant, Flight 5.1.2 Preflight Data Center (FDC) NOTAMs, Pointer NOTAMs, and Military NOTAMs. 1. NOTAM (D) information is disseminated for all navigational facilities that are part of the National Airspace System (NAS), all public use airports, seaplane bases, and heliports listed in the Airport/ Facility Directory (A/FD). The complete file of all NOTAM (D) information is maintained in a computer database at the Weather Message Switching Center (WMSC), located in Atlanta, Georgia. This category of information is distributed automatically via Service A telecommunications system. Air traffic facilities, primarily FSSs, with Service A capability have access to the entire WMSC database of NOTAMs. These NOTAMs remain available via Service A for the duration of their validity or until published. Once published, the NOTAM data is deleted from the system. NOTAM (D) information includes such data as taxiway closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, and airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria, such as VASI. All NOTAM Ds must have one of the following keywords as the first part of the text after the location identifier: Keyword Definition RWY . . . . . . . Example Runway ABC XX/XXX ABC RWY 3/21 CLSD TWY . . . . . . . Example Taxiway ABC XX/XXX ABC TWY F LGTS OTS RAMP . . . . . . Example Ramp ABC XX/XXX ABC RAMP TERMINAL EAST SIDE CONSTRUCTION APRON . . . . . Example Apron ABC XX/XXX ABC APRON SW TWY C NEAR HANGARS CLSD AD . . . . . . . . . Example Aerodrome ABC XX/XXX ABC AD ABN OTS OBST . . . . . . . Example Obstruction ABC XX/XXX ABC OBST TOWER 283 (246 AGL) 2.2 S LGTS OTS (ASR 1065881) TIL 1003282300 NAV . . . . . . . . Example Navigation ABC XX/XXX ABC NAV VOR OTS COM . . . . . . . Example Communications ABC XX/XXX ABC COM ATIS OTS SVC . . . . . . . . Example Services XX/XXX ABC SVC JET FUEL UNAVBL TIL 1003291600 AIM Keyword Definition AIRSPACE . . Example Airspace ABC XX/XXX ABC AIRSPACE AIRSHOW ACFT 5000/BLW 5 NMR AIRPORT AVOIDANCE ADZD TIL 1003152200 |
