时间：2011-04-18 00:47来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
|
b.Pilots should be especially watchful and avoid the flight paths of any aircraft using the call sign “Flight Check.” These flights will normally receive special handling from ATC. Pilot patience and cooperation in allowing uninterrupted recordings can significantly help expedite flight inspections, mini-mize costly, repetitive runs, and reduce the burden on the U.S. taxpayer. 4.3.25. Hand Signals FIG 4.3.9 FIG 4.3.7 All Clear Signalman Directs Towing (O.K.) 4.3.20 Airport Operations 2/11/10 AIM FIG 4.3.10 FIG 4.3.12 Start Engine Proceed Straight Ahead POINT TO ENGINE TO BE STARTED FIG 4.3.11 FIG 4.3.13 Pull Chocks Left Turn Airport Operations 4.3.21 FIG 4.3.14 FIG 4.3.16 Right Turn Flagman Directs Pilot FIG 4.3.15 FIG 4.3.17 Slow Down Insert Chocks 4.3.22 Airport Operations FIG 4.3.18 FIG 4.3.20 Cut Engines Stop FIG 4.3.19 Night Operation Airport Operations 4.3.23 4.3.26. Operations at Uncontrolled Airports With Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)/Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS)a. Many airports throughout the National Air-space System are equipped with either ASOS or AWOS. At most airports with an operating control tower or human observer, the weather will be available to you in an Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) hourly or special observation format on the Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) or directly transmitted from the controller/observer. b.At uncontrolled airports that are equipped with ASOS/AWOS with ground.to.air broadcast capabil-ity, the one.minute updated airport weather should be available to you within approximately 25 NM of the airport below 10,000 feet. The frequency for the weather broadcast will be published on sectional charts and in the Airport/Facility Directory. Some part.time towered airports may also broadcast the automated weather on their ATIS frequency during the hours that the tower is closed. c. Controllers issue SVFR or IFR clearances based on pilot request, known traffic and reported weather, i.e., METAR/Nonroutine (Special) Aviation Weather Report (SPECI) observations, when they are available. Pilots have access to more current weather at uncontrolled ASOS/AWOS airports than do the controllers who may be located several miles away. Controllers will rely on the pilot to determine the current airport weather from the ASOS/AWOS. All aircraft arriving or departing an ASOS/AWOS equipped uncontrolled airport should monitor the airport weather frequency to ascertain the status of the airspace. Pilots in Class E airspace must be alert for changing weather conditions which may effect the status of the airspace from IFR/VFR. If ATC service is required for IFR/SVFR approach/departure or requested for VFR service, the pilot should advise the controller that he/she has received the one.minute weather and state his/her intentions. EXAMPLE. “I have the (airport) one.minute weather, request an ILS Runway 14 approach.” REFERENCE. AIM, Weather Observing Programs, Paragraph 7.1.12. 4.3.24 Airport Operations Section 4. ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation 4.4.1. Clearance a.A clearance issued by ATC is predicated on known traffic and known physical airport conditions. An ATC clearance means an authorization by ATC, for the purpose of preventing collision between known aircraft, for an aircraft to proceed under specified conditions within controlled airspace. IT IS NOT AUTHORIZATION FOR A PILOT TO DEVIATE FROM ANY RULE, REGULATION, OR MINIMUM ALTITUDE NOR TO CONDUCT UNSAFE OPERATION OF THE AIRCRAFT. b.14 CFR Section 91.3(a) states: “The pilot-in-command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft.” If ATC issues a clearance that would cause a pilot to deviate from a rule or regulation, or in the pilot’s opinion, would place the aircraft in jeopardy, IT IS THE PILOT’S RESPONSIBILITY TO REQUEST AN AMENDED CLEARANCE. Simi-larly, if a pilot prefers to follow a different course of action, such as make a 360 degree turn for spacing to follow traffic when established in a landing or approach sequence, land on a different runway, takeoff from a different intersection, takeoff from the threshold instead of an intersection, or delay operation, THE PILOT IS EXPECTED TO INFORM ATC ACCORDINGLY. When the pilot requests a different course of action, however, the pilot is expected to cooperate so as to preclude disruption of traffic flow or creation of conflicting patterns. The pilot is also expected to use the appropriate aircraft call sign to acknowledge all ATC clearances, frequency changes, or advisory information. c.Each pilot who deviates from an ATC clearance in response to a Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System resolution advisory shall notify ATC of that deviation as soon as possible. REFERENCE. Pilot/Controller Glossary Term. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System. d. When weather conditions permit, during the time an IFR flight is operating, it is the direct responsibility of the pilot to avoid other aircraft since VFR flights may be operating in the same area without the knowledge of ATC. Traffic clearances provide standard separation only between IFR flights. 4.4.2. Clearance Prefix A clearance, control information, or a response to a request for information originated by an ATC facility and relayed to the pilot through an air-to-ground communication station will be prefixed by “ATC clears,” “ATC advises,” or “ATC requests.” 4.4.3. Clearance Items ATC clearances normally contain the following: a.Clearance Limit. The traffic clearance issued prior to departure will normally authorize flight to the airport of intended landing. Under certain conditions, at some locations a short-range clearance procedure is utilized whereby a clearance is issued to a fix within or just outside of the terminal area and pilots are advised of the frequency on which they will receive the long-range clearance direct from the center controller. |
