时间：2011-04-18 00:47来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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REFERENCE. Pilot/Controller Glossary Term. Taxi. Pilot/Controller Glossary Term. Hover Taxi. Pilot/Controller Glossary Term. Air Taxi. c. Takeoff and Landing Procedures. 1. Helicopter operations may be conducted from a runway, taxiway, portion of a landing strip, or any clear area which could be used as a landing site such as the scene of an accident, a construction site, or the roof of a building. The terms used to describe designated areas from which helicopters operate are: movement area, landing/takeoff area, apron/ramp, heliport and helipad (See Pilot/Controller Glossary). These areas may be improved or unimproved and may be separate from or located on an airport/ heliport. ATC will issue takeoff clearances from movement areas other than active runways, or in diverse directions from active runways, with additional instructions as necessary. Whenever possible, takeoff clearance will be issued in lieu of extended hover/air taxi operations. Phraseology will be “CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF FROM (taxiway, helipad, runway number, etc.), MAKE RIGHT/ LEFT TURN FOR (direction, heading, NAVAID radial) DEPARTURE/DEPARTURE ROUTE (num-ber, name, etc.).” Unless requested by the pilot, downwind takeoffs will not be issued if the tailwind exceeds 5 knots. 2.Pilots should be alert to wind information as well as to wind indications in the vicinity of the helicopter. ATC should be advised of the intended method of departing. A pilot request to takeoff in a given direction indicates that the pilot is willing to accept the wind condition and controllers will honor the request if traffic permits. Departure points could be a significant distance from the control tower and it may be difficult or impossible for the controller to determine the helicopter’s relative position to the wind. 3.If takeoff is requested from nonmovement areas, the phraseology “PROCEED AS RE-QUESTED” will be used. Additional instructions will be issued as necessary. The pilot is responsible for operating in a safe manner and should exercise due caution. When other known traffic is not a factor and takeoff is requested from an area not visible from the tower, an area not authorized for helicopter use, an unlighted area at night, or an area not on the airport, the phraseology “DEPARTURE FROM (location) WILL BE AT YOUR OWN RISK (with reason, and additional instructions as necessary).” 4.Similar phraseology is used for helicopter landing operations. Every effort will be made to permit helicopters to proceed direct and land as near as possible to their final destination on the airport. Traffic density, the need for detailed taxiing instructions, frequency congestion, or other factors may affect the extent to which service can be expedited. As with ground movement operations, a high degree of pilot/controller cooperation and 4.3.14 Airport Operations communication is necessary to achieve safe and efficient operations. 4.3.18. Taxiing a. General. Approval must be obtained prior to moving an aircraft or vehicle onto the movement area during the hours an Airport Traffic Control Tower is in operation. 1.Always state your position on the airport when calling the tower for taxi instructions. 2.The movement area is normally described in local bulletins issued by the airport manager or control tower. These bulletins may be found in FSSs, fixed base operators offices, air carrier offices, and operations offices. 3.The control tower also issues bulletins describing areas where they cannot provide ATC service due to nonvisibility or other reasons. 4.A clearance must be obtained prior to taxiing on a runway, taking off, or landing during the hours an Airport Traffic Control Tower is in operation. 5.When ATC clears an aircraft to “taxi to” an assigned takeoff runway, the absence of holding instructions authorizes the aircraft to “cross” all runways which the taxi route intersects except the assigned takeoff runway. It does not include authorization to “taxi onto” or “cross” the assigned takeoff runway at any point. In order to preclude misunderstandings in radio communications, ATC will not use the word “cleared” in conjunction with authorization for aircraft to taxi. 6.In the absence of holding instructions, a clearance to “taxi to” any point other than an assigned takeoff runway is a clearance to cross all runways that intersect the taxi route to that point. 7.Air traffic control will first specify the runway, issue taxi instructions, and then state any required hold short instructions, when authorizing an aircraft to taxi for departure. This does not authorize the aircraft to “enter” or “cross” the assigned departure runway at any point. NOTE. Air traffic controllers are required to obtain from the pilot a readback of all runway hold short instructions. 8. If a pilot is expected to hold short of a runway approach (“APPCH”) area or ILS holding position AIM (see FIG 2.3.15, Taxiways Located in Runway Approach Area), ATC will issue instructions. 9. When taxi instructions are received from the controller, pilots should always read back: (a)The runway assignment. (b)Any clearance to enter a specific runway. (c)Any instruction to hold short of a specific runway, or taxi into position and hold. Controllers are required to request a readback of runway hold short assignment when it is not received from the pilot/vehicle. b. ATC clearances or instructions pertaining to taxiing are predicated on known traffic and known physical airport conditions. Therefore, it is important that pilots clearly understand the clearance or instruction. Although an ATC clearance is issued for taxiing purposes, when operating in accordance with the CFRs, it is the responsibility of the pilot to avoid collision with other aircraft. Since “the pilot-in-com-mand of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft” the pilot should obtain clarification of any clearance or instruction which is not understood. |
