时间：2011-04-18 00:47来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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4.2.9. Altitudes and Flight Levels a. Up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL, state the separate digits of the thousands plus the hundreds if appropriate. EXAMPLE. 1.12,000 . one two thousand 2.12,500 . one two thousand five hundred b. At and above 18,000 feet MSL (FL 180), state the words “flight level” followed by the separate digits of the flight level. EXAMPLE. 1.190. Flight Level One Niner Zero 2.275. Flight Level Two Seven Five 4.2.10. Directions The three digits of bearing, course, heading, or wind direction should always be magnetic. The word “true” must be added when it applies. EXAMPLE. 1.(Magnetic course) 005 . zero zero five 2.(True course) 050 . zero five zero true 3.(Magnetic bearing) 360 . three six zero 4. (Magnetic heading) 100 . heading one zero zero 5.(Wind direction) 220 . wind two two zero 4.2.11. Speeds The separate digits of the speed followed by the word “KNOTS.” Except, controllers may omit the word “KNOTS” when using speed adjustment procedures; e.g., “REDUCE/INCREASE SPEED TO TWO FIVE ZERO.” EXAMPLE. (Speed) 250 . two five zero knots (Speed) 190 . one niner zero knots The separate digits of the Mach Number preceded by “Mach.” EXAMPLE. (Mach number) 1.5 . Mach one point five (Mach number) 0.64 . Mach point six four (Mach number) 0.7 . Mach point seven 4.2.12. Time a. FAA uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) for all operations. The word “local” or the time zone equivalent shall be used to denote local when local time is given during radio and telephone communica-tions. The term “Zulu” may be used to denote UTC. EXAMPLE. 0920 UTC . zero niner two zero, zero one two zero pacific or local, or one twenty AM 4.2.6 Radio Communications Phraseology b. To convert from Standard Time to Coordinated Universal Time: TBL 4.2.3 Standard Time to Coordinated Universal Time Eastern Standard Time . Add 5 hours Central Standard Time . Add 6 hours Mountain Standard Time . Add 7 hours Pacific Standard Time . Add 8 hours Alaska Standard Time . Add 9 hours Hawaii Standard Time . Add 10 hours NOTE. For daylight time, subtract 1 hour. c. A reference may be made to local daylight or standard time utilizing the 24.hour clock system. The hour is indicated by the first two figures and the minutes by the last two figures. EXAMPLE. 0000 . zero zero zero zero 0920 . zero niner two zero d.Time may be stated in minutes only (two figures) in radiotelephone communications when no misunderstanding is likely to occur. e.Current time in use at a station is stated in the nearest quarter minute in order that pilots may use this information for time checks. Fractions of a quarter minute less than 8 seconds are stated as the preceding quarter minute; fractions of a quarter minute of 8 seconds or more are stated as the succeeding quarter minute. EXAMPLE. 0929:05 . time, zero niner two niner 0929:10 . time, zero niner two niner and one.quarter 4.2.13. Communications with Tower when Aircraft Transmitter or Receiver or Both are Inoperative a. Arriving Aircraft. 1. Receiver inoperative. (a) If you have reason to believe your receiver is inoperative, remain outside or above the Class D surface area until the direction and flow of traffic has been determined; then, advise the tower of your type aircraft, position, altitude, intention to land, and request that you be controlled with light signals. REFERENCE. AIM, Traffic Control Light Signals, Paragraph 4.3.13. (b) When you are approximately 3 to 5 miles from the airport, advise the tower of your position and join the airport traffic pattern. From this point on, watch the tower for light signals. Thereafter, if a complete pattern is made, transmit your position downwind and/or turning base leg. 2. Transmitter inoperative. Remain outside or above the Class D surface area until the direction and flow of traffic has been determined; then, join the airport traffic pattern. Monitor the primary local control frequency as depicted on Sectional Charts for landing or traffic information, and look for a light signal which may be addressed to your aircraft. During hours of daylight, acknowledge tower transmissions or light signals by rocking your wings. At night, acknowledge by blinking the landing or navigation lights. To acknowledge tower transmis-sions during daylight hours, hovering helicopters will turn in the direction of the controlling facility and flash the landing light. While in flight, helicopters should show their acknowledgement of receiving a transmission by making shallow banks in opposite directions. At night, helicopters will acknowledge receipt of transmissions by flashing either the landing or the search light. 3. Transmitter and receiver inoperative. Remain outside or above the Class D surface area until the direction and flow of traffic has been determined; then, join the airport traffic pattern and maintain visual contact with the tower to receive light signals. Acknowledge light signals as noted above. b. Departing Aircraft. If you experience radio failure prior to leaving the parking area, make every effort to have the equipment repaired. If you are unable to have the malfunction repaired, call the tower by telephone and request authorization to depart without two-way radio communications. If tower authorization is granted, you will be given departure information and requested to monitor the tower frequency or watch for light signals as appropriate. During daylight hours, acknowledge tower transmissions or light signals by moving the ailerons or rudder. At night, acknowledge by blinking the landing or navigation lights. If radio malfunction |
