时间：2011-04-18 00:47来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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8-1-3..Hyperventilation in Flight . . 8-1-4 8-1-4..Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Flight . . 8-1-5 8-1-5..Illusions in Flight . . 8-1-5 8-1-6..Vision in Flight . . 8-1-6 8-1-7..Aerobatic Flight . . 8-1-7 8-1-8..Judgment Aspects of Collision Avoidance . 8-1-8 Chapter 9..Aeronautical Charts and Related Publications Section 1..Types of Charts Available 9-1-1..General . . 9-1-1 9-1-2..Obtaining Aeronautical Charts . . 9-1-1 9-1-3..Selected Charts and Products Available . . 9-1-1 9-1-4..General Description of each Chart Series . 9-1-1 9-1-5..Where and How to Get Charts of Foreign Areas . 9-1-12 Table of Contents Chapter 10..Helicopter Operations Section 1..Helicopter IFR Operations Paragraph Page 10-1-1..Helicopter Flight Control Systems . . 10-1-1 10-1-2..Helicopter Instrument Approaches . . 10-1-3 10-1-3..Helicopter Approach Procedures to VFR Heliports . 10-1-5 10-1-4..The Gulf of Mexico Grid System . . 10-1-6 Section 2..Special Operations 10-2-1..Offshore Helicopter Operations . . 10-2-1 10-2-2..Helicopter Night VFR Operations . . 10-2-7 10-2-3..Landing Zone Safety . . 10-2-10 10-2-4..Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Multiple Helicopter Operations . 10-2-16 Appendices Appendix 1. Bird/Other Wildlife Strike Report . . Appendix 1-1 Appendix 2. Volcanic Activity Reporting Form (VAR) . Appendix 2-1 Appendix 3. Laser Beam Exposure Questionnaire . Appendix 3-1 Appendix 4. Abbreviations/Acronyms . . Appendix 4-1 Pilot/Controller Glossary . . PCG-1 Index . . . I-1 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Air Navigation Section 1. Navigation Aids 1.1.1. General a.Various types of air navigation aids are in use today, each serving a special purpose. These aids have varied owners and operators, namely: the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the military ser-vices, private organizations, individual states and foreign governments. The FAA has the statutory authority to establish, operate, maintain air naviga-tion facilities and to prescribe standards for the operation of any of these aids which are used for instrument flight in federally controlled airspace. These aids are tabulated in the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD). b.Pilots should be aware of the possibility of momentary erroneous indications on cockpit displays when the primary signal generator for a ground. based navigational transmitter (for example, a glideslope, VOR, or nondirectional beacon) is inoperative. Pilots should disregard any navigation indication, regardless of its apparent validity, if the particular transmitter was identified by NOTAM or otherwise as unusable or inoperative. 1.1.2. Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB)a. A low or medium frequency radio beacon transmits nondirectional signals whereby the pilot of an aircraft properly equipped can determine bearings and “home” on the station. These facilities normally operate in a frequency band of 190 to 535 kilohertz (kHz), according to ICAO Annex 10 the frequency range for NDBs is between 190 and 1750 kHz, and transmit a continuous carrier with either 400 or 1020 hertz (Hz) modulation. All radio beacons except the compass locators transmit a continuous three.letter identification in code except during voice transmissions. b.When a radio beacon is used in conjunction with the Instrument Landing System markers, it is called a Compass Locator. c.Voice transmissions are made on radio beacons unless the letter “W” (without voice) is included in the class designator (HW). d. Radio beacons are subject to disturbances that may result in erroneous bearing information. Such disturbances result from such factors as lightning, precipitation static, etc. At night, radio beacons are vulnerable to interference from distant stations. Nearly all disturbances which affect the Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) bearing also affect the facility’s identification. Noisy identification usually occurs when the ADF needle is erratic. Voice, music or erroneous identification may be heard when a steady false bearing is being displayed. Since ADF receivers do not have a “flag” to warn the pilot when erroneous bearing information is being displayed, the pilot should continuously monitor the NDB’s identification. |
