时间：2011-04-18 00:47来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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(a) GPS en route IFR RNAV operations may be conducted in Alaska outside the operational service volume of ground.based navigation aids when a TSO.C145a or TSO.C146a GPS/WAAS system is installed and operating. Ground.based navigation equipment is not required to be installed and operating for en route IFR RNAV operations when using GPS WAAS navigation systems. All operators should ensure that an alternate means of navigation is available in the unlikely event the GPS WAAS navigation system becomes inoperative. TBL 1.1.5 GPS IFR Equipment Classes/Categories TSO.C129 Equipment Class RAIM Int. Nav. Sys. to Prov. RAIM Equiv. Oceanic En Route Terminal Nonprecision Approach Capable Class A . GPS sensor and navigation capability. A1 yes yes yes yes yes A2 yes yes yes yes no Class B . GPS sensor data to an integrated navigation system (i.e., FMS, multi.sensor navigation system, etc.). B1 yes yes yes yes yes B2 yes yes yes yes no B3 yes yes yes yes yes B4 yes yes yes yes no Class C . GPS sensor data to an integrated navigation system (as in Class B) which provides enhanced guidance to an autopilot, or flight director, to reduce flight tech. errors. Limited to 14 CFR Part 121 or equivalent criteria. C1 yes yes yes yes yes C2 yes yes yes yes no C3 yes yes yes yes yes C4 yes yes yes yes no 1.1.30 Navigation Aids TBL 1.1.6 GPS Approval Required/Authorized Use Equipment Type1 Installation Approval Required Operational Approval Required IFR En Route2 IFR Terminal2 IFR Approach3 Oceanic Remote In Lieu of ADF and/or DME3 Hand held4 X5 VFR Panel Mount4 X IFR En Route and Terminal X X X X X IFR Oceanic/ Remote X X X X X X IFR En Route, Terminal, and Approach X X X X X X NOTE. 1To determine equipment approvals and limitations, refer to the AFM, AFM supplements, or pilot guides. 2Requires verification of data for correctness if database is expired. 3Requires current database. 4VFR and hand.held GPS systems are not authorized for IFR navigation, instrument approaches, or as a primary instrument flight reference. During IFR operations they may be considered only an aid to situational awareness. 5Hand.held receivers require no approval. However, any aircraft modification to support the hand.held receiver; i.e., installation of an external antenna or a permanent mounting bracket, does require approval. 3. The GPS Approach Overlay Program is an authorization for pilots to use GPS avionics under IFR for flying designated nonprecision instrument approach procedures, except LOC, LDA, and simplified directional facility (SDF) procedures. These procedures are now identified by the name of the procedure and “or GPS” (e.g., VOR/DME or GPS RWY 15). Other previous types of overlays have either been converted to this format or replaced with stand.alone procedures. Only approaches contained in the current onboard navigation database are authorized. The navigation database may contain information about nonoverlay approach procedures that is intended to be used to enhance position orientation, generally by providing a map, while flying these approaches using conventional NAVAIDs. This approach information should not be confused with a GPS overlay approach (see the receiver operating manual, AFM, or AFM Supple-ment for details on how to identify these approaches in the navigation database). NOTE. Overlay approaches are predicated upon the design criteria of the ground.based NAVAID used as the basis of the approach. As such, they do not adhere to the design criteria described in paragraph 5.4.5k, Area Navigation (RNAV) Instrument Approach Charts, for stand.alone GPS approaches. 4. GPS IFR approach operations can be conducted as soon as proper avionics systems are installed and the following requirements are met: (a)The authorization to use GPS to fly instrument approaches is limited to U.S. airspace. (b)The use of GPS in any other airspace must be expressly authorized by the FAA Administrator. (c)GPS instrument approach operations outside the U.S. must be authorized by the appropriate sovereign authority. Navigation Aids 1.1.31 f. Equipment and Database Requirements 1. Authorization to fly approaches under IFR using GPS avionics systems requires that: (a)A pilot use GPS avionics with TSO. C129, or equivalent, authorization in class A1, B1, B3, C1, or C3; and (b)All approach procedures to be flown must be retrievable from the current airborne navigation database supplied by the TSO.C129 equipment manufacturer or other FAA approved source. (c)Prior to using a procedure or waypoint retrieved from the airborne navigation database, the pilot should verify the validity of the database. This verification should include the following preflight and in.flight steps: (1) Preflight: [a] Determine the date of database issuance, and verify that the date/time of proposed use is before the expiration date/time. [b] Verify that the database provider has not published a notice limiting the use of the specific waypoint or procedure. (2) Inflight: [a] Determine that the waypoints and transition names coincide with names found on the procedure chart. Do not use waypoints, which do not exactly match the spelling shown on published procedure charts. |
