时间：2018-05-12 08:02来源：蓝天飞行翻译公司 作者：民航翻译 点击：次
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Holding Fuel–The fuel required for anticipated and/or possible air traffic, weather, low visibility/instrument landing conditions, or other in-flight delays. Contingency Fuel–The fuel, in addition to trip fuel, required to compensate for unforeseen factors that could have an influence on fuel consumption to the destination airport; such factors include un-forecast en route variations in winds, temperatures, weather, deviation from planned flight routing, cruising levels and extended taxi times. Reserve Fuel–The required fuel, in addition to trip fuel, not planned for normal use but remaining available for unplanned events in the case where all other useable fuel beyond trip, contingency, holding and alternate fuel has been consumed. This fuel is to be used only when there is no other safer alternative and is often defined by the Authority. Final Reserve Fuel–The amount of fuel calculated using the estimated aircraft mass on arrival at the destination alternate airport or the destination airport, when no destination alternate airport is required: • For a reciprocating engine aircraft, the amount of fuel required to fly 45 minutes, under speed and altitude conditions specified by the State of the Operator; or • For a turbine engine aircraft, the amount of fuel to fly for 30 minutes at a height of 1500 feet above the airport in standard conditions or under speed and altitude conditions specified by the State. Additional Fuel–A supplementary amount of fuel required only if the sum of Trip Fuel, Destination Alternate Fuel, Contingency Fuel and Final Reserve Fuel is insufficient to allow an aircraft to comply with the most critical fuel scenario as defined by the State. Discretionary Fuel–The extra amount of fuel to be carried at the discretion of the pilot-in-command. Tanker Fuel–The fuel transported for economic reasons or for Operator convenience (e.g. due to price/availability at destination). Unusable Fuel–The fuel transported for operational purposes, such as fuel carried to meet MEL requirements or as ballast for weight and balance purposes. Fuelling Safety Zone An area with associated restrictions that is established on the ramp around the aircraft fuelling receptacles, tank vents, and around the fuelling equipment during aircraft fuelling operations. Equivalent Term: Refueling Safety Zone G General Maintenance Manual (GMM) See Maintenance Management Manual (MMM). General Operations Manual (GOM) A separate manual or the general section of the Operations Manual (OM) that contains flight crew policies and procedures, not related to a specific type of aircraft, relevant to the following operations personnel as applicable: • Flight crew; • Cabin crew; • Flight operations officer/flight dispatcher; • Other operational personnel as determined by the operator or required by the State. See Operations Manual. General Procedures Manual (GPM) See Maintenance Management Manual (MMM). Equivalent Terms: Flight Operations Manual (FOM), Cabin Operations Manual (COM), General Maintenance Manual (GMM) Global Aviation Data Management The Global Aviation Data Managament (GADM) program is a data management platform, integrating all sources of operational data received from various channels. GOAR Quality Control Processes implemented by IATA and an Auditing Airline or AO to ensure all documents comprising the ISAGO Audit Report (GOAR) are completed accurately and in accordance with guidance and procedures issued by IATA. GOAT Instructor An instructor qualified and approved to conduct the ISAGO Training for ISAGO Auditors (GOAT) course. GOSARPs An abbreviation and acronym for ISAGO Standards and Recommended Practices. Ground Damage Database (GDDB) See IATA Ground Damage Database (GDDB). Ground Handling The ground services necessary for the arrival and departure of an aircraft at an airport, other than air traffic services. Ground Handling Agreement A contract between a customer organization and a provider of ground handling services that sets out all conditions and requirements associated with the delivery of ground handling services by the provider for the customer. Ground Operations The conduct of activities associated with the ground services that comprise ground handling. See Ground Handling. Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) An aircraft system that automatically provides a timely and distinctive warning to the flight crew when the aircraft is in potentially hazardous proximity to the earth's surface. A GPWS has the following five basic modes that automatically provides a warning to the flight crew when the aircraft is in close proximity to the earth's surface with: |
