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直升机飞行员手册 直升机操作手册 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook

时间:2011-04-05 11:37来源:蓝天飞行翻译 作者:航空 点击:

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Incorrect distribution naturally affects performance, and will possibly prevent you even getting airborne. A Centre of Gravity too far forward or backwards will make you run out of control movement.
The best way of making life easier with regard to loads that are used often is to create a Load Plan.
The Load Plan
Used to save the constant working out of C of G on loads that are fairly standard. Weight ranges need to be worked out, as the aircraft will frequently be loaded by non-technical staff (like oil rig workers or slashers), who will want as little detail and as much flexibility as possible (these weight ranges should not be confused with standard weights). C of G limits in Load Plans will therefore be more stringent. Your Inspector will want to see pre-worked examples for worst case situations (including full and empty tank positions). Any flights outside the conditions of a Load Plan will need the C of G and a Loadsheet to be worked out in full. There is a sample in the Bell 206 chapter.

Loadsheets
Should be drawn up outside the conditions imposed by a Load Plan and account for all items of the laden weight. Generally, they could be used in the circumstances below, although you could probably think of more. The position of the laden C of G must be specified, together with the load distribution, but noting its position within a range will be enough. A copy should be left behind with a responsible person, or put in a fireproof container with Tech or Journey Logs.
You need loadsheets:
.  outside load plans, such as with more than anticipated baggage
.  
with any combination of doors removed

.  
with camera mount and cameraman on board

.
with an underslung load

.
With freight only

.
When parachute dropping


When you’re overweight in one section and want to redistribute the load, here’s how to calculate how much to move and where:
X = W x D


where: 
X  Weight to be moved 
W  Gross weight of aircraft 
D  Distance the C of G is out 
d  Distance between old and new 
locations 

So, if your gross weight is 3000 lbs, your load is 1 . inches outside the envelope (aft), to be moved from the baggage compartment to the rear seats, all of 34 inches, you need to move 133 lbs to get back in limits:
133 = 3000 x 1.5

34

 


Helicopter Blade Sailing
High winds and gusts will cause the main rotor blades of helicopters to flap up and down and be both a danger to people near them and the helicopter itself, as the blade stops could be damaged, or a particularly flexible blade could hit the tail boom. At certain critical speeds (50-100 RPM), blades will pass in and out of the stall. Holding the cyclic in the direction of the wind will keep the pitch of the advancing blade to a minimum and stop it lifting in the first place.

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