直升机飞行员手册直升机操作手册 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook

时间：2011-04-05 11:37来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次

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with reference to the speed of the load over the ground. In a confined area, the load will tend to pull you down as the wind effect is lost, so a couple of knots in hand under these circumstances may be desirable. Keep a constant scan going, because you need all the information you can get, especially when it comes to depth perception. If everything goes pear-shaped, it’s because your scan has stopped, as it might if you get fixated suddenly tense up on the controls. Relax and start looking around again, it will soon get better.
Once in the hover, you again come under the guidance of a marshaller, who signals descent until the load touches the ground and the cables become slack (if you haven’t got a marshaller, you can judge your height from whether the ground crew are looking up or down). Release the cables after moving to one side so they do not foul the load or hit someone on the head. Don’t drop cables from anything more than normal hover height, and especially not under too much tension, or you’ll get somebody in the eye (also, whatever is in the hook shoots downward at a fast rate, and the hook itself will be opened violently and may be damaged). A manual release is provided if the electrical one doesn't operate, and, once it has done so, you should see a "load released" signal from the marshaller, whereupon you hover by the side of the load while the replacement sling is placed inside the cabin, having moved away vertically first. Behave at all times as if the load has not been released.
If you can’t hover, keep max power in and let the aircraft settle, without overtorquing – you will only be pulled down as far as it takes for the load to reach the ground, so just try and give it a gentle arrival. If you are delivering the load by yourself, land behind it, as far back as possible so you don’t get the sling under the skid, and to provide a little tension for the hook mechanism to work.
There is a phenomenon called Collective Bounce that occurs when a sudden vertical force is placed on the helicopter, making you think the load has reached the ground. Although really relevant to larger machines, it can occur on smaller ones as well, and arises when the resonance of the blades matches that of a vibrating rope. The collective movements to correct this get out of phase, due to the response lag, and the answer is simply to stop moving the collective or go into autorotation, as the machine will self-destruct about the fifth bounce. A little extra friction will help.
If a load starts spinning in flight, and continues in the hover (or your downwash sets it going), gently put it on the ground and pick it up again.
If you have to hold a load while it is being secured to something else, take care to ensure that ground crews don’t get themselves into positions that could be dangerous if you have to release it - be conservative with allowable side winds.
It's a good idea, particularly with a long line (see below) to unhook if you shutdown, as it is very easy to take off and forget it is there.

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