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直升机飞行员手册 直升机操作手册 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook

时间:2011-04-05 11:37来源:蓝天飞行翻译 作者:航空 点击:

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The best cure for hypothermia, when your body loses more heat than it produces, and your organs lose their ability to function, is to use blankets and lukewarm sweet drinks. Direct heating, as with hot water bottles, will only serve to open up surface blood vessels and take heat away from the core organs, where it’s most needed. Victims may also vomit, so give them nil by mouth, even when they are alert. They may have altered levels of consciousness, so handle them carefully.
Hypothermia happens quite slowly, and arises from cold and wind, poorly insulated or wet clothing, prolonged immersion in even warm water, and fatigue (in water, heat is conducted away 25% faster than in cold air). Shivering and grogginess are among the early symptoms, allied with poor judgement and muddled thinking. As it gets worse, the shivering may stop and the attention span will reduce, together with shallow breathing and a slow, weak pulse. Unconsciousness and little or no breathing signifies the full thing, with dilated pupils.
Although direct heating is not recommended for hypothermia, it is a better solution for frostbite than friction (for example, cupping a frozen ear with your hand will have a better effect than rubbing it). The only reason you would hold snow against a frostbitten part of your body is to relieve any pain caused by warming – it will not help with the original condition! Also, the fact that a liquid is not frozen doesn’t mean it will help, either.
You can communicate with SAR aircraft visually by making signals on the ground (the two below are only a selection of the full range available -see the AIP). They should be at least 8 feet high (or as large as possible) with as large a contrast as possible being obtained between the materials used and the background.
Need Assistance V

Need Medical Help X

Leave about 10 feet between them. Rocking of the rescue aircraft's wings during daylight and flashing of the landing or navigation lights twice at night indicates your signals are understood.
A typical job done in a remote area is Site Support, in Specialised Tasks.
Survival kits are considered below…..

Emergency Equipment
Every aircraft carries a First Aid kit that conforms to whatever standards are relevant, and is certified by an engineer. Lifejackets are commonly stored under the relevant seats when carried, or on the rear parcel shelf, and liferafts should be securely stowed but easily accessible.
ELTs are supposed to come on automatically, and they generally do if they are attached to fixed wing aircraft, assuming the batteries are kept up to scratch and they are checked regularly, but, with helicopters, there are fewer guarantees that this will happen. For a start, there's a lot more vibration, and there are less places to attach it, as they should be fitted as far aft as possible, aligned fore-and-aft so the shock forces activate the G switch properly. Where it's fitted in the cabin, it's often switched off so it doesn't get kicked or bashed and set off accidentally, which is why it's a good idea to include switching the thing on as part of your emergency checklist on the way down. Not all military helicopters monitor 121.5, as it's primarily a civilian emergency channel, so get one with 243 Mhz as well, which is where they mainly hang out.

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