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直升机飞行员手册 直升机操作手册 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook

时间:2011-04-05 11:37来源:蓝天飞行翻译 作者:航空 点击:

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Documentation must reflect the fuel’s origins and handling.

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Vehicles must be roadworthy and regularly inspected.

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Extinguishing equipment must be available and crews familiar with its use.

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Barrels, when used, should be undamaged and in date (give-aways for this include faded labels). Over long periods, a fungus can grow, which will


clog fuel lines. When checking a drum, have it standing for as long as possible, but at least half an hour (although the benefits of this are negated when drums are stored on their side at the fuel cache and you need the fuel in a hurry). Place a block of wood at some point between the bungs, so that dirty fuel is kept more away from the openings and any garbage at the bottom is away from the bottom of the standpipe. Then draw a sample from as far down as you can through a water detector. If you put the standpipe in, block the top with the palm of your hand, and pull it out, you can empty the standpipe into a container to make this easier. Smell the contents – don’t trust labels or colours if the seal’s broken. Also, get used to the weight -water weighs more and avgas weighs less than turbine fuel. An X on the drum means contamination. Secure it afterwards so it doesn’t roll around the landing site.
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Run fuel for a few seconds to clear the pipes of condensation and bugs, etc., downstream of the filters.

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Keep exit paths clear for removal of equipment in emergency.

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The aircraft, fuelling vehicle, hose nozzle, filters or anything else through which fuel passes should be electrically bonded before the fuel cap is removed. With drums, the accepted procedure is drum to ground,

 

drum to pump, pump to aircraft, nozzle to aircraft then open the cap, and the reverse when finished. Be more careful when it’s cold, as the air will likely be dry, and airborne snow particles will add their own friction, and static.
However, according to NFPA 407, App A A-3-4, if the machine and drum are bonded, they don't need to be grounded. This is because "it does not prevent sparking at the fuel surface" (NFPA 77, Recommended Practice on Static Electricity). The National Fire Protection Association is the authority on this subject).
It's not only the movement of fuel through pipes and filters (especially filters) that generates static, but also a fault in some part of the system may apply a voltage to the nozzle. Plastics don't help, and using chamois as a filter is dangerous.
If you do feel the need to ground anything, salt water is better than permafrost.
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Don't refuel within 100 feet of radar equipment that is operating (even an HF radio transmitting will energise strip lighting). Only essential switches should be operated, with radio silence observed during fuelling.

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Avoid fuelling during electrical storms, and don't use bulbs or electronic flash equipment within the fuelling zone. Non-essential engines should not be run, but if any already running are stopped, they should not be restarted until fuel has ceased

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