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直升机飞行员手册 直升机操作手册 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook

时间:2011-04-05 11:37来源:蓝天飞行翻译 作者:航空 点击:

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The tail rotor is also two-bladed and semi-rigid. Because the bottom blade goes forward, it is a pusher. Large amounts of it can be missing, and you will still be able to fly, either with 50% gone from the end of a blade, or with a big hole in it.

Controls
Consist of push-pull control tubes and bell cranks, which are routed through the “broom cupboard” behind and in-between the front seats. They are hydraulically powered, which means you have power steering. Bearings and rod ends don’t need lubrication. Three servo actuators with irreversible valves (so you don’t get feedback forces) are located forward of the main transmission, in the “doghouse”, for the cyclic and collective.


The valves isolate the servo system from the flight controls.
The hydraulic system operates at 600 psi and contains a pint of (MIL-L-5606) fluid.
In the LongRanger, the pressure remains the same, but the pump is a variable displacement type with e remote reservoir. The three servos are different as well, and there are two filters, with buttons that need to be checked on a daily inspection.


Electrics
28 volts DC, from a 24-volt nicad or lead-acid battery and a 28.5-volt combination starter-generator which pushes out 150 amps. In theory, you should be able to get 6 starts out of a battery with 65% capacity. All circuits are single-wire with a common ground return. High generator loads will be reflected in the TOT, since the starter/generator is on the compressor drive train (N1). Because the torquemeter is on the N2 train, it will not show anything. This is the reason the generator is often turned off during power checks (in fact, when hot and high, many pilots turn off the generator to give themselves a little leeway on the TOT when lifting). 1 Kw is about 1.34 HP, so drawing 100 watts on a 28 volt system is pulling down about 3.75 HP, so in the hover you could lose about 34 lbs of hover capability, at 9 lbs per HP. The starter can draw 300-400 amps for the first few seconds.
Switches and circuit breakers are on the overhead console. There is an external start and, depending on the type of battery, a battery overtemp warning system. External power should supply 28 volts, 400 amps.


LongRanger
The starter/generator has a greater capacity. Voltage regulation and reverse current protection is done with a single solid-state unit, replacing the 206's carbon-pile type. The generator will not come on-line with external power is applied.
Another point to note is that the left boost pump is directly connected to the battery, regardless of whether the battery switch is on. This is to provide constant boost pressure if the main battery relay fails.
Switching off the fuel shutoff valve or pulling the appropriate circuit breaker are the only ways of ensuring you don’t flatten the battery after shutdown.

Oil
The engine oil capacity is 5.5 US quarts (minimum 4). Oil consumption is very economical, and if the oil is up to the mark on take off, you shouldn't need to top up for some hours unless you get an oil leak. The oil grades are MIL L 7808, or 23699 above –30oC.

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本文链接地址:直升机飞行员手册 直升机操作手册 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook