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直升机飞行员手册 直升机操作手册 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook

时间:2011-04-05 11:37来源:蓝天飞行翻译 作者:航空 点击:

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The landing pad itself should be level, drained, with a grass or solid surface that does not blow up dust at (you should be able to drive the average car over it). Its diameter should be at least twice the length of the largest helicopter to use it, including rotors, as you will need to turn round your tail. Watch out for anything that may snag the skids, particularly on takeoff. Some people like the touchdown area marked with an H, but provided the grid reference is accurate enough, it shouldn't be too hard to find it.
On an oil rig, the helideck frequently will be sloped away from the centre, to help with drainage. The slope is not severe, but if you land with your nose up the hill, so to speak, you run the risk of hitting the tail rotor against the perimeter fences. Landing “downhill” will artificially raise the tailboom away from them.
Finally, a couple of points to watch if you’re ever tempted to land across or near railway lines, as you might if they’re the only firm place around. The first is that your skids more often than not will complete an electrical connection used for signalling, and you may cause some confusion in the local signal box. The other is that trains do use the track outside of published schedules, so don’t be surprised to see a humungous diesel bearing down on you unexpectedly.

Landing On Deck
First of all, you have to find the ship! Once they've got full steam ahead, Captains are very reluctant to slow down for anybody, so be prepared to look for your target a fair bit away from where you (or the owners) think it should be. However, they may turn into wind a little bit, if you ask them nicely.
Aside from knowing where the deck is, you will need a radio frequency to talk on, either the customer's own or a general marine channel. This is not only so you can ask where the heck they are, but so they can give you the wind and how much the deck is going up or down (that is, pitching and heaving, for the technical).
Flying around vessels is much like doing it round mountains or buildings, especially the latter, which are more slab-sided. The wind does strange things round them all, so have the normal escape route handy, by approaching obliquely. There will be turbulence in the lee (and elsewhere), so approach to the windward side, getting into the hover before you position for landing as the highest point of the swell is reached, not when the boat is rising - use your peripheral vision to keep an eye on the deck, and focus on the horizon, as normal. Look out for ground resonance, and a slippery deck, which will likely be sloping as well. Stabilisers will compensate for deck movement, so turn them off once you are safely down.

When leaving, align yourself with the way the ship is going (even if there is a crosswind), and avoid the superstructures on your way out.


Fuel
Helicopters don't need aerodromes, and minimum fuel figures reflect this. However, they are calculated for level aircraft. Odd attitudes, say when slinging, may cause a fuel boost pump to become uncovered and give you a nasty surprise just when you don’t want it. On a 206, the unuseable fuel after a boost pump failure can be up to 10 US gals, which is uncomfortably close to the minimum figures below.

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