时间：2011-04-18 00:52来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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POSITION SYMBOL. A computer-generated indication shown on a radar display to indicate the mode of tracking. POSITIVE CONTROL. The separation of all air traffic within designated airspace by air traffic control. PRACTICE INSTRUMENT APPROACH. An instrument approach procedure conducted by a VFR or an IFR aircraft for the purpose of pilot training or proficiency demonstrations. PRE.DEPARTURE CLEARANCE. An application with the Terminal Data Link System (TDLS) that provides clearance information to subscribers, through a service provider, in text to the cockpit or gate printer. PREARRANGED COORDINATION. A standard-ized procedure which permits an air traffic controller to enter the airspace assigned to another air traffic controller without verbal coordination. The proce-dures are defined in a facility directive which ensures standard separation between aircraft. PREARRANGED COORDINATION PROCE-DURES. A facility’s standardized procedure that describes the process by which one controller shall allow an aircraft to penetrate or transit another controller’s airspace in a manner that assures standard separation without individual coordination for each aircraft. PRECIPITATION. Any or all forms of water particles (rain, sleet, hail, or snow) that fall from the atmosphere and reach the surface. PRECIPITATION RADAR WEATHER DE-SCRIPTIONS . Existing radar systems cannot detect turbulence. However, there is a direct correlation between the degree of turbulence and other weather features associated with thunderstorms and the weather radar precipitation intensity. Controllers will issue (where capable) precipitation intensity as observed by radar when using weather and radar processor (WARP) or NAS ground based digital radars with weather capabilities. When precipitation intensity information is not available, the intensity will be described as UNKNOWN. When intensity levels can be determined, they shall be described as: a.LIGHT (< 30 dBZ)b.MODERATE (30 to 40 dBZ)c.HEAVY (> 40 to 50 dBZ)d.EXTREME (> 50 dBZ)(Refer to AC 00.45, Aviation Weather Services.)PRECISION APPROACH. (See PRECISION APPROACH PROCEDURE.)PRECISION APPROACH PROCEDURE. A stan-dard instrument approach procedure in which an electronic glideslope/glidepath is provided; e.g., ILS, MLS, and PAR. (See INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM.)(See MICROWAVE LANDING SYSTEM.)(See PRECISION APPROACH RADAR.)PCG P.2 PRECISION APPROACH RADAR. Radar equip-ment in some ATC facilities operated by the FAA and/or the military services at joint-use civil/military locations and separate military installations to detect and display azimuth, elevation, and range of aircraft on the final approach course to a runway. This equipment may be used to monitor certain nonradar approaches, but is primarily used to conduct a precision instrument approach (PAR) wherein the controller issues guidance instructions to the pilot based on the aircraft’s position in relation to the final approach course (azimuth), the glidepath (elevation), and the distance (range) from the touchdown point on the runway as displayed on the radar scope. Note: The abbreviation “PAR” is also used to denote preferential arrival routes in ARTCC computers. (See GLIDEPATH.)(See PAR.)(See PREFERENTIAL ROUTES.)(See ICAO term PRECISION APPROACH RADAR.)(Refer to AIM.)PRECISION APPROACH RADAR [ICAO]. Pri-mary radar equipment used to determine the position of an aircraft during final approach, in terms of lateral and vertical deviations relative to a nominal approach path, and in range relative to touchdown. Note: Precision approach radars are designed to enable pilots of aircraft to be given guidance by radio communication during the final stages of the approach to land. PRECISION OBSTACLE FREE ZONE (POFZ). An 800 foot wide by 200 foot long area centered on the runway centerline adjacent to the threshold designed to protect aircraft flying precision approaches from ground vehicles and other aircraft when ceiling is less than 250 feet or visibility is less than 3/4 statute mile (or runway visual range below 4,000 feet.)PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR (PRM). Pro-vides air traffic controllers with high precision secondary surveillance data for aircraft on final approach to parallel runways that have extended centerlines separated by less than 4,300 feet. High resolution color monitoring displays (FMA) are required to present surveillance track data to controllers along with detailed maps depicting approaches and no transgression zone. Pilot/Controller Glossary PREFERENTIAL ROUTES. Preferential routes (PDRs, PARs, and PDARs) are adapted in ARTCC computers to accomplish inter/intrafacility controller coordination and to assure that flight data is posted at the proper control positions. Locations having a need for these specific inbound and outbound routes normally publish such routes in local facility bulletins, and their use by pilots minimizes flight plan route amendments. When the workload or traffic situation permits, controllers normally provide radar vectors or assign requested routes to minimize circuitous routing. Preferential routes are usually confined to one ARTCC’s area and are referred to by the following names or acronyms: a.Preferential Departure Route (PDR). A specific departure route from an airport or terminal area to an en route point where there is no further need for flow control. It may be included in an Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) or a Preferred IFR Route. b.Preferential Arrival Route (PAR). A specific arrival route from an appropriate en route point to an airport or terminal area. It may be included in a Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) or a Preferred IFR Route. The abbreviation “PAR” is used primarily within the ARTCC and should not be confused with the abbreviation for Precision Approach Radar. c.Preferential Departure and Arrival Route (PDAR). A route between two terminals which are within or immediately adjacent to one ARTCC’s area. PDARs are not synonymous with Preferred IFR Routes but may be listed as such as they do accomplish essentially the same purpose. |
