时间：2011-04-18 00:52来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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3.World Aeronautical Chart (WAC). WACs cover land areas for navigation by moderate speed aircraft operating at high altitudes. Included are city tints, principal roads, railroads, distinctive land-marks, drainage patterns, and relief. Aeronautical information includes visual and radio aids to navigation, airports, airways, special.use airspace, and obstructions. Because of a smaller scale, WACs do not show as much detail as sectional or TACs, and; therefore, are not recommended for exclusive use by pilots of low speed, low altitude aircraft. Scale 1 inch = 13.7nm/1:1,000,000. 60 x 20 inches folded to 5 x 10 inches. WACs are revised annually, except for a few in Alaska and the Caribbean, which are revised biennially. (See FIG 9.1.12 and FIG 9.1.13.)Types of Charts Available 9.1.1 FIG 9.1.1 Sectional and VFR Terminal Area Charts for the Conterminous U.S., Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands 4. U.S. Gulf Coast VFR Aeronautical Chart. The Gulf Coast Chart is designed primarily for helicopter operation in the Gulf of Mexico area. Information depicted includes offshore mineral leasing areas and blocks, oil drilling platforms, and high density helicopter activity areas. Scale 1 inch = 13.7nm/1:1,000,000. 55 x 27 inches folded to 5 x 10 inches. Revised annually. 5. Grand Canyon VFR Aeronautical Chart. Covers the Grand Canyon National Park area and is designed to promote aviation safety, flight free zones, and facilitate VFR navigation in this popular area. The chart contains aeronautical information for general aviation VFR pilots on one side and commercial VFR air tour operators on the other side. 6. Helicopter Route Charts. A three.color chart series which shows current aeronautical information useful to helicopter pilots navigating in areas with high concentrations of helicopter activity. Information depicted includes helicopter routes, four classes of heliports with associated frequency and lighting capabilities, NAVAIDs, and obstructions. In addition, pictorial symbols, roads, and easily identified geographical features are portrayed. Helicopter charts have a longer life span than other chart products and may be current for several years. All new editions of these charts are printed on a durable plastic material. Helicopter Route Charts are updated as requested by the FAA. Scale 1 inch = 1.71nm/1:125,000. 34 x 30 inches folded to 5 x 10 inches. b. IFR Navigation Charts. 1. IFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts (Conterminous U.S. and Alaska). Enroute low altitude charts provide aeronautical information for navigation under IFR conditions below 18,000 feet MSL. This four.color chart series includes airways; limits of controlled airspace; VHF NAVAIDs with frequency, identification, channel, geographic coor-dinates; airports with terminal air/ground communications; minimum en route and obstruction clearance altitudes; airway distances; reporting points; special use airspace; and military training routes. Scales vary from 1 inch = 5nm to 1 inch = 20nm. 50 x 20 inches folded to 5 x 10 inches. Charts revised every 56 days. Area charts show congested terminal areas at a large scale. They are included with subscriptions to any conterminous U.S. Set Low (Full set, East or West sets). (See FIG 9.1.2 and FIG 9.1.4.) 9.1.2 Types of Charts Available FIG 9.1.2 Enroute Low Altitude Instrument Charts for the Conterminous U.S. (Includes Area Charts)FIG 9.1.3 Enroute High Altitude Charts for the Conterminous U.S. Types of Charts Available 9.1.3 2. IFR Enroute High Altitude Charts frequency, identification, channel, geographic coor-(Conterminous U.S. and Alaska). Enroute high dinates; selected airports; reporting points. Scales altitude charts are designed for navigation at or above vary from 1 inch = 45nm to 1 inch = 18nm. 55 x 20 18,000 feet MSL. This four.color chart series inches folded to 5 x 10 inches. Revised every 56 days. includes the jet route structure; VHF NAVAIDs with (See FIG 9.1.3 and FIG 9.1.5.)FIG 9.1.4 Alaska Enroute Low Altitude Chart FIG 9.1.5 Alaskan Enroute High Altitude Chart 9.1.4 Types of Charts Available 3. U.S. Terminal Procedures Publication (TPP). TPPs are published in 24 loose.leaf or perfect bound volumes covering the conterminous U.S., Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. A Change Notice is published at the midpoint between revisions in bound volume format and is available on the internet for free download at the NACO web site. (See FIG 9.1.9.) The TPPs include: (a)Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) Charts. IAP charts portray the aeronautical data that is required to execute instrument approaches to airports. Each chart depicts the IAP, all related navigation data, communications information, and an airport sketch. Each procedure is designated for use with a specific electronic navigational aid, such as ILS, VOR, NDB, RNAV, etc. (b)Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) Charts. DP charts are designed to expedite clearance delivery and to facilitate transition between takeoff and en route operations. They furnish pilots’ departure routing clearance information in graphic and textual form. (c)Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Charts. STAR charts are designed to expedite ATC arrival procedures and to facilitate transition between en route and instrument approach operations. They depict preplanned IFR ATC arrival procedures in graphic and textual form. Each STAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and may serve either a single airport or more than one airport in a given geographic area. (d)Airport Diagrams. Full page airport diagrams are designed to assist in the movement of ground traffic at locations with complex runway/taxi-way configurations and provide information for updating geodetic position navigational systems aboard aircraft. Airport diagrams are available for free download at the NACO website. 4. Alaska Terminal Procedures Publication. This publication contains all terminal flight proce-dures for civil and military aviation in Alaska. Included are IAP charts, DP charts, STAR charts, airport diagrams, radar minimums, and supplementa-ry support data such as IFR alternate minimums, take.off minimums, rate of descent tables, rate of climb tables and inoperative components tables. Volume is 5.3/8 x 8.1/4 inch top bound. Publication revised every 56 days with provisions for a Terminal Change Notice, as required. |
