时间：2011-04-18 00:52来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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LOCALIZER TYPE DIRECTIONAL AID. A NAVAID used for nonprecision instrument ap-proaches with utility and accuracy comparable to a localizer but which is not a part of a complete ILS and is not aligned with the runway. (Refer to AIM.)LOCALIZER USABLE DISTANCE. The maxi-mum distance from the localizer transmitter at a specified altitude, as verified by flight inspection, at which reliable course information is continuously received. (Refer to AIM.)LOCATOR [ICAO]. An LM/MF NDB used as an aid to final approach. Note: A locator usually has an average radius of rated coverage of between 18.5 and 46.3 km (10 and 25 NM). LONG RANGE NAVIGATION. (See LORAN.)LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION. The longitudi-nal spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by a minimum distance expressed in units of time or miles. (See SEPARATION.)(Refer to AIM.)LORAN. An electronic navigational system by which hyperbolic lines of position are determined by measuring the difference in the time of reception of synchronized pulse signals from two fixed transmit-ters. Loran A operates in the 1750-1950 kHz frequency band. Loran C and D operate in the 100-110 kHz frequency band. (Refer to AIM.)LOST COMMUNICATIONS. Loss of the ability to communicate by radio. Aircraft are sometimes referred to as NORDO (No Radio). Standard pilot procedures are specified in 14 CFR Part 91. Radar controllers issue procedures for pilots to follow in the event of lost communications during a radar approach when weather reports indicate that an aircraft will likely encounter IFR weather conditions during the approach. (Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)(Refer AIM.)PCG L.2 LOW ALTITUDE AIRWAY STRUCTURE. The network of airways serving aircraft operations up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL. (See AIRWAY.)(Refer to AIM.)LOW ALTITUDE ALERT, CHECK YOUR ALTI-TUDE IMMEDIATELY. (See SAFETY ALERT.)LOW ALTITUDE ALERT SYSTEM. An auto-mated function of the TPX-42 that alerts the controller when a Mode C transponder equipped aircraft on an IFR flight plan is below a predetermined minimum safe altitude. If requested by the pilot, Low Altitude Alert System monitoring is also available to VFR Mode C transponder equipped aircraft. Pilot/Controller Glossary LOW APPROACH. An approach over an airport or runway following an instrument approach or a VFR approach including the go-around maneuver where the pilot intentionally does not make contact with the runway. (Refer to AIM.)LOW FREQUENCY. The frequency band between 30 and 300 kHz. (Refer to AIM.)LPV. A type of approach with vertical guidance (APV) based on WAAS, published on RNAV (GPS) approach charts. This procedure takes advantage of the precise lateral guidance available from WAAS. The minima is published as a decision altitude (DA). PCG L.3 M MAA. (See MAXIMUM AUTHORIZED ALTITUDE.) MACH NUMBER. The ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound; e.g., MACH .82, MACH 1.6. (See AIRSPEED.)MACH TECHNIQUE [ICAO]. Describes a control technique used by air traffic control whereby turbojet aircraft operating successively along suitable routes are cleared to maintain appropriate MACH numbers for a relevant portion of the en route phase of flight. The principle objective is to achieve improved utilization of the airspace and to ensure that separation between successive aircraft does not decrease below the established minima. MAHWP. Missed Approach Holding Waypoint MAINTAIN. a.Concerning altitude/flight level, the term means to remain at the altitude/flight level specified. The phrase “climb and” or “descend and” normally precedes “maintain” and the altitude assignment; e.g., “descend and maintain 5,000.” b.Concerning other ATC instructions, the term is used in its literal sense; e.g., maintain VFR. MAINTENANCE PLANNING FRICTION LEVEL. The friction level specified in AC 150/5320-12, Measurement, Construction, and Maintenance of Skid Resistant Airport Pavement Surfaces, which represents the friction value below which the runway pavement surface remains acceptable for any category or class of aircraft operations but which is beginning to show signs of deterioration. This value will vary depending on the particular friction measurement equipment used. MAKE SHORT APPROACH. Used by ATC to inform a pilot to alter his/her traffic pattern so as to make a short final approach. (See TRAFFIC PATTERN.)MAN PORTABLE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEMS (MANPADS). MANPADS are lightweight, shoul-der.launched, missile systems used to bring down aircraft and create mass casualties. The potential for MANPADS use against airborne aircraft is real and requires familiarity with the subject. Terrorists choose MANPADS because the weapons are low cost, highly mobile, require minimal set.up time, and are easy to use and maintain. Although the weapons have limited range, and their accuracy is affected by poor visibility and adverse weather, they can be fired from anywhere on land or from boats where there is unrestricted visibility to the target. MANDATORY ALTITUDE. An altitude depicted on an instrument Approach Procedure Chart requiring the aircraft to maintain altitude at the depicted value. MANPADS. (See MAN PORTABLE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEMS.)MAP. (See MISSED APPROACH POINT.)MARKER BEACON. An electronic navigation facility transmitting a 75 MHz vertical fan or boneshaped radiation pattern. Marker beacons are identified by their modulation frequency and keying code, and when received by compatible airborne equipment, indicate to the pilot, both aurally and visually, that he/she is passing over the facility. (See INNER MARKER.)(See MIDDLE MARKER.)(See OUTER MARKER.)(Refer to AIM.)MARSA. (See MILITARY AUTHORITY ASSUMES |
