时间：2011-04-18 00:52来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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(See ICAO term CEILING.)CEILING [ICAO]. The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6,000 meters (20,000 feet) covering more than half the sky. CENRAP. (See CENTER RADAR ARTS PRESENTATION/PROCESSING.)CENRAP-PLUS. (See CENTER RADAR ARTS PRESENTATION/PROCESSING-PLUS.)CENTER. (See AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER.)CENTER’S AREA. The specified airspace within which an air route traffic control center (ARTCC) provides air traffic control and advisory service. (See AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER.)(Refer to AIM.)CENTER RADAR ARTS PRESENTATION/ PROCESSING. A computer program developed to provide a back-up system for airport surveillance radar in the event of a failure or malfunction. The program uses air route traffic control center radar for the processing and presentation of data on the ARTS IIA or IIIA displays. CENTER RADAR ARTS PRESENTATION/ PROCESSING-PLUS. A computer program developed to provide a back-up system for airport surveillance radar in the event of a terminal secondary radar system failure. The program uses a combination of Air Route Traffic Control Center Radar and terminal airport surveillance radar primary targets displayed simultaneously for the processing and presentation of data on the ARTS IIA or IIIA displays. CENTER TRACON AUTOMATION SYSTEM (CTAS). A computerized set of programs designed to aid Air Route Traffic Control Centers and TRACONs in the management and control of air traffic. CENTER WEATHER ADVISORY. An unsched-uled weather advisory issued by Center Weather Service Unit meteorologists for ATC use to alert pilots of existing or anticipated adverse weather conditions within the next 2 hours. A CWA may modify or redefine a SIGMET. (See AWW.)(See AIRMET.)(See CONVECTIVE SIGMET.)(See SIGMET.)(Refer to AIM.)PCG C.1 CENTRAL EAST PACIFIC. An organized route system between the U.S. West Coast and Hawaii. CEP. (See CENTRAL EAST PACIFIC.)CERAP. (See COMBINED CENTER-RAPCON.)CERTIFIED TOWER RADAR DISPLAY (CTRD). A FAA radar display certified for use in the NAS. CFR. (See CALL FOR RELEASE.)CHAFF. Thin, narrow metallic reflectors of various lengths and frequency responses, used to reflect radar energy. These reflectors when dropped from aircraft and allowed to drift downward result in large targets on the radar display. CHARTED VFR FLYWAYS. Charted VFR Fly-ways are flight paths recommended for use to bypass areas heavily traversed by large turbine-powered aircraft. Pilot compliance with recommended flyways and associated altitudes is strictly voluntary. VFR Flyway Planning charts are published on the back of existing VFR Terminal Area charts. CHARTED VISUAL FLIGHT PROCEDURE APPROACH. An approach conducted while operating on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan which authorizes the pilot of an aircraft to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport via visual landmarks and other information depicted on a charted visual flight procedure. This approach must be authorized and under the control of the appropriate air traffic control facility. Weather minimums required are depicted on the chart. CHASE. An aircraft flown in proximity to another aircraft normally to observe its performance during training or testing. CHASE AIRCRAFT. (See CHASE.)CIRCLE-TO-LAND MANEUVER. A maneuver initiated by the pilot to align the aircraft with a runway for landing when a straight-in landing from an instrument approach is not possible or is not desirable. At tower controlled airports, this maneuver is made only after ATC authorization has been obtained and the pilot has established required visual reference to the airport. (See CIRCLE TO RUNWAY.)(See LANDING MINIMUMS.)(Refer to AIM.)CIRCLE TO RUNWAY (RUNWAY NUMBER). Used by ATC to inform the pilot that he/she must circle to land because the runway in use is other than the runway aligned with the instrument approach procedure. When the direction of the circling maneuver in relation to the airport/runway is required, the controller will state the direction (eight cardinal compass points) and specify a left or right downwind or base leg as appropriate; e.g., “Cleared VOR Runway Three Six Approach circle to Runway Two Two,” or “Circle northwest of the airport for a right downwind to Runway Two Two.” (See CIRCLE-TO-LAND MANEUVER.)(See LANDING MINIMUMS.)(Refer to AIM.)CIRCLING APPROACH. (See CIRCLE-TO-LAND MANEUVER.)CIRCLING MANEUVER. (See CIRCLE-TO-LAND MANEUVER.)CIRCLING MINIMA. (See LANDING MINIMUMS.)CLASS A AIRSPACE. (See CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.)CLASS B AIRSPACE. (See CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.)CLASS C AIRSPACE. (See CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.)CLASS D AIRSPACE. (See CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.)CLASS E AIRSPACE. (See CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.)CLASS G AIRSPACE. That airspace not designated as Class A, B, C, D or E. CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE (CAT). Turbulence encountered in air where no clouds are present. This term is commonly applied to high-level turbulence associated with wind shear. CAT is often encountered in the vicinity of the jet stream. (See WIND SHEAR.)(See JET STREAM.)CLEAR OF THE RUNWAY. a. Taxiing aircraft, which is approaching a runway, is clear of the runway when all parts of the PCG C.2 aircraft are held short of the applicable runway holding position marking. b.A pilot or controller may consider an aircraft, which is exiting or crossing a runway, to be clear of the runway when all parts of the aircraft are beyond the runway edge and there are no restrictions to its continued movement beyond the applicable runway holding position marking. c.Pilots and controllers shall exercise good judgement to ensure that adequate separation exists between all aircraft on runways and taxiways at airports with inadequate runway edge lines or holding position markings. CLEARANCE. (See AIR TRAFFIC CLEARANCE.)CLEARANCE LIMIT. The fix, point, or location to which an aircraft is cleared when issued an air traffic clearance. |
