时间：2011-11-08 20:34来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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1.5.5 LEARNING SKILL Although skills are often classified as either mental or motor (physical) skills, each involves at least some of the other. Reading, for example, is considered a mental skill, but training for speed reading involves considerable effort in learning proper eye movement. Conversely, learning to ride a bicycle involves much more than turning the pedals and moving the handlebars. The student is successful only when the handlebars are turned exactly the right amount in response to eye and balance sense perceptions. The best way to prepare students to perform a given task is to provide them with a clear, step-by-step pattern to follow. In flight/simulator training, this usually is accomplished verbally during the preflight briefing, followed by a demonstration in the simulator/air. Whatever the method used, students need a clear impression of what they are to do. In many cases, however, it is extremely difficult to tell someone else how to do something. Neither talking nor demonstrating seems to be of any help. All the learner can do is to keep trying, again and again, until suddenly, almost as if a switch is moved, the basic skill is achieved; the coordination circuit between the muscles and the perceptive senses is completed. Another benefit of practice is that, as the learner gains in proficiency, verbal instructions and demonstrations mean more. Where discussion and demonstration were once meaningless, a short comment may be very meaningful as the student begins to master the skill. Students may be aware that something is wrong, but may not know how to correct it. In either case, a helpful instructor is alert to the students' needs. It is just as important for students to know when they are right as when they are wrong. They should be informed as soon as possible, so they do not continue to practice improper techniques. According to the law of primacy, it is much more difficult to unlearn a mistake and then relearn the correct procedure than it is to learn correctly in the first place. Therefore, an Instructor should be able to carry out a correct Fault Analysis and teach the pupil the right way to correct his fault. |
