时间：2011-11-08 20:34来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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1.5.1.1 Physical Organism The physical organism is the means by which awareness is conducted to the brain. A pilot must see, hear, and feel in order to respond to existing circumstances. If any of that capability is impaired, some responses may be inaccurate. Flight physicals are aimed at determining the efficiency of the perceptual apparatus. 1.5.1.2 Basic Needs A person's basic need is to maintain and improve both the physical and psychological portions of the total self. The food eaten and the air breathed become part of the physical self. In like manner, the sensory inputs become part of the psychological self. People develop reactions to prevent those things which would damage them physically, such as warding off a blow. Similarly, they develop perceptual barriers to ward off sights, sounds, and other inputs which could damage them psychologically. To help a student learn, it is necessary to find ways to develop the desired perceptions, despite the defense mechanisms. Asking students to do something they believe will imperil them either physically or psychologically invites, resistance or outright denial. It is, therefore, more effective to attempt to work with this basic need than to try to fight it. As an example, less cooperation can be expected if stalls are introduced as being dangerous than if their practice is introduced as a means of avoiding or escaping from a potentially dangerous situation. 1.5.1.3 Self concept Self-concept, or the way people perceive themselves, is one of the most powerful factors affecting learning. When students feel insecure, their confidence must be bolstered by repeated successful experiences before attempting to perform a difficult task. Confident persons, on the other hand, are willing to try anything and, if they fail, are willing to try again, with no sense of damage to their self-concept. Students who view themselves positively are less defensive and more ready to assimilate all aspects of the instruction and demonstration presented. |
