教员手册 INSTRUCTORS MANUAL 飞行教员手册

时间：2011-11-08 20:34来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次

1.5.7.1 Disuse
One theory indicates that people forget those things which they do not use. Graduates of a school are dismayed by the small amount of factual information they retain several years after graduation. They remember only what they use frequently. A logical conclusion is that disuse has caused them to forget, but the answer is not that simple. Tests have shown that under hypnosis, people can recall facts which they could not recall in the normal conscious state. It seems, then, that the information is there but the ability to recall it has suffered from disuse.
1.5.7.2 Interference
Another theory indicates that material is forgotten because it is overshadowed by a similar or later experience. From experiments, two conclusions about interference may be drawn: closely similar material seems to interfere with memory more than dissimilar material; and, material not learned well suffers most from interference.
1.5.6.3 Repression
Freudian psychology advances the view that some forgetting is due to the submersion of ideas into the subconscious mind. Material that is unpleasant or which produces anxiety may unintentionally be treated this way.

1.5.8 RETNETION OF LEARNING
All of these theories indicate that when a person "forgets" something, it is not actually lost, but simply not available for recall. The instructor's job, then, is to exercise and stimulate the student's ability to recall what has been learned. The following suggestions may aid in this endeavor.
1.5.8.1 Teach thoroughly and with meaning. The more thoroughly something is learned, the less likely it is to be forgotten. This fact is supported by experimental studies. Meaningful learning, involving principles and concepts already a part of the student's own experience, becomes a part of those concepts, while rote learning is not easily retained because of its superficial nature.
1.5.8.2 Help the student understand the reason for remembering. A desire to remember increases the chances of remembering. A young man who normally cannot remember names is not likely to forget the name of an attractive young lady.

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