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直升机飞行教员手册 Helicopter Flight Instructor Manual

时间:2012-06-08 09:45来源:蓝天飞行翻译 作者:航空 点击:

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Trees
Helicopter operations very often involve flying low over trees, and the pilot may have no choice in the matter despite the obvious dangers of an engine failure or similar emergency. However, when pilots do have a choice they should fly the clearest flight path available.
Rising ground
Pilots should fly towards rising ground at an angle of less than 90°. This will make turning away easier in the event of an emergency or meeting downdrafting air.
Water
During over water operations in poor visability, to avoid loss of visual horizon, maintain visual contact with fixed references such as shore line, ship or other structures, if possible. Particluar note is to be made of the hazards associated with low level operations over smooth water surfaces.
High winds
Point out the hazards of flying low level in high winds, including:
drift during turns
the danger of losing airspeed whilst trying to maintain groundspeed when turning from into wind to downwind. This is particularly hazardous when flying at high AUW at high-density altitudes.
Point out that radio performance generally deteriorates quickly at low altitudes.
Demonstrate the technique for carrying out a low-level autorotation.
Assign a local cross-country route to be flown at minimum legal and safe altitude involving as many of the above points as possible.
Special Techniques
Turning and Climbing - Low Level
Minimum radius turns can be achieved by reducing speed during the turning manoeuvre.
For climbs, cyclic is more effective at speeds above the Rate of Climb (ROC) speed whilst collective is more effective below ROC speed.
AIR EXERCISE
Fly the cross-country as assigned and planned by the student.
Demonstrate low-level flying techniques. Student practice
TIPS FOR INSTRUCTORS
Brief the student on the use of both the cyclic and collective together to avoid obstacles such as wires or trees.
Include a check of temperatures and pressures at each turning point to ensure they are not forgotten.
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