时间：2011-03-11 23:13来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：admin 点击：次
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forced landing (aircraft operation). An unscheduled landing caused by a malfunction in an aircraft or engine, or by improper flight planning or operation. forceps. A type of instrument or small tool used to grasp or hold objects. Most forceps have a ratchet mechanism that allows them to be locked onto the object they are holding. forehand welding. Welding in which the torch is pointed in the direction the weld is progressing. foreign air carrier. 14 CFR Part 1: “Any person other than a citizen of the United States, who undertakes directly, by lease or other arrangement, to engage in air transportation.” foreign air commerce. 14 CFR Part 1: “The carriage by aircraft of persons or property for compensation or hire, or the carriage of mail by aircraft, or the operation or navigation of aircraft in the conduct or furtherance of a business or vocation, in commerce between a place in the United States and any place outside thereof; whether such commerce moves wholly by aircraft or partly by aircraft and partly by other forms of transportation.” foreign air transportation. 14 CFR Part 1: “The carriage by aircraft of persons or property as a common carrier for compensation or hire, or the carriage of mail by aircraft, in commerce between a place in the United States and any place outside of the United States, whether that commerce moves wholly by aircraft or partly by aircraft and partly by other forms of transportation.” forge, forging. A method of forming metal parts by heating the metal to a plastic state (nearly, but not quite melted) and hammering it to shape. forge welding. A method of welding in which the two ends of the metal to be joined are heated until they are almost, but not quite, melted. The ends are placed together and hammered until they flow together and become one piece. forklift. A self-propelled machine used to lift heavy weights and move them from one location to another. A forklift has two long steel fingers that can be slid under a pallet on which the load is placed. The fingers can then be raised to lift the load off the floor and move it. formation flight. Flight of more than one aircraft which, by prior arrangement between the pilots, operate as a single aircraft with regard to navigation and position reporting. form drag. Parasite drag that is caused by the form of the object passing through the air. former (aircraft structural member). An aircraft structural member used to give a fuselage its shape. The truss structure of an aircraft fuselage provides the necessary strength, but its cross section is usually square or triangular and does not have the clean aerodynamic shape needed for streamlining. Formers of wood or light metal are attached to the truss, and stringers (lightweight strips of metal or wood) are placed over the formers to give the fuselage its shape. All of this structure is covered with fabric or thin sheet metal. A monocoque fuselage carries most of its stresses in its outside skin whose shape is produced by formers to which the skin is attached. Formers that divide a fuselage into compartments are called bulkheads. |
