时间：2011-03-11 23:18来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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winch. A machine used for pulling or moving heavy loads. A cable is wound around a drum turned by a geared hand crank or some type of motor. The load is attached to the cable and is moved by it. wind (meteorology). Air in motion relative to the surface of the earth. The term wind generally denotes horizontal movement of the air. wind chill factor (meteorology). A measure of the cooling effect of the wind. Wind chill factor is based on both the temperature of the air and the velocity of the wind. windmilling (aircraft engine operation). An aircraft engine is said to be windmilling when it is turned by aerodynamic action of air flowing over the propeller or through the compressor in a gas turbine engine. If an engine fails in flight, air flowing over the propeller or through the compressor produces enough force to keep the engine turning. When a propeller windmills, it produces so much drag it can cause difficulty in controlling the airplane. For this reason, the propellers of most multiengine airplanes are made so that they can be feathered by turning the blades parallel to the direction of flight. When a propeller is feathered, it does not windmill. window demister. A method of keeping moisture from condensing on the windows of an aircraft operating in the cold air at high altitudes. Warm compressor bleed air is blown between the layers of transparent material of which the windows are made. wind shear (meteorology). A strong horizontal or vertical wind shift that acts at right angles to the direction the wind is blowing. Wind shear, normally associated with the passage of a front, can be dangerous if an aircraft flies through one when slowed for landing or immediately after takeoff. windshield. A transparent glass or plastic covering used to protect the occupants of an aircraft from the wind and rain while allowing forward vision. A windshield is also called a wind-screen. wind sock (wind direction indicator). A long, tapered, cloth tube open at both ends. Its large end is supported and held open by a steel ring mounted in a bearing so it is free to turn. Wind socks are mounted on tall poles so they can catch the wind and stream out in the direction the wind is blowing. Wind socks are normally made of vividly colored cloth and are used on airports and heliports to show the pilot of an arriving aircraft the direction from which the wind is blowing. wind tunnel testing. A method of determining the aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft design. An accurate scale model of the aircraft is made and mounted in the wind tunnel on a series of balances, or scales. Wind of an accurately controlled speed is blown across the model, and the balances measure the amount of lift and drag produced by the model at different wind speeds and angles of attack. wing (aircraft component). The part of a heavier-than-air aircraft that produces aerodynamic lift to support the aircraft in the air against the force of gravity. The wing of an airplane, a fixed-wing aircraft, is attached rigidly to the aircraft structure, but the wing of a helicopter, a rotor-wing aircraft, is mounted on a mast and is rotated by the engine. |
