航空术语词典Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms 下

时间：2011-03-11 23:18来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次

turbosupercharger. The original name for a turbocharger.
turbulence. A condition of fluid flow in which the flow is not smooth. The velocity of the flow changes rapidly, and the flow direction often reverses itself.
turn and bank indicator. The former name for a turn and slip indicator. See turn and slip indicator.
turn and slip indicator (flight instrument). A rate gyro flight instrument that gives the pilot an indication of the rate of rotation of the aircraft about its vertical axis. The turn and slip indicator shows the trim condition of the aircraft and serves as an emergency source of bank information in case the attitude gyro fails.
The turn indicator uses a rate gyro attached through a fork and pin mechanism to a vertical pointer. This rate gyro is installed so it measures the rate of rotation about the vertical axis of the aircraft. The vertical pointer shows when a standard rate turn (3° per second for some aircraft, and 1 1/2° per second for others) is being made. The slip indicator is a curved glass tube partially filled with a liquid in which a black glass ball rolls.
When the angle of bank is correct for the rate of turn, centrifugal force and gravity are balanced, and the ball stays in the center of the tube. When the rate of turn is too high for the angle of bank, the centrifugal force is greater than the force of gravity and the ball rolls to the outside of the turn. When the rate of turn is too low for the angle of bank being used, the force of gravity is greater than the centrifugal force, and the ball rolls to the inside of the turn. Turn and slip indicators were once called needle and ball

turnbuckle. An adjusting device used in a run of aircraft control cable to adjust its tension. A turnbuckle consists of a brass barrel and two threaded cable terminals made of steel. One terminal and one end of the barrel have left-hand threads, and the other terminal and the other end of the barrel have right-hand threads. The cable terminals are both started into the barrel, and as the barrel is turned, the terminals both screw into it. Screwing the terminals into the barrel increases the cable tension by shortening the cable.
turn coordinator (aircraft flight instrument). A rate gyro instrument that shows at a glance when a standard-rate turn is being made. The dial has a symbol which represents the rear of an airplane with marks that align with its wing tip when a standard-rate turn of 3° per second is being made. A black ball in a curved glass tube below the airplane symbol shows when the angle of bank is correct for the rate of turn being made.
The rate gyro is mounted in a canted gimbal (a tilted mounting frame) that allows the gyro to precess, or roll over, when the aircraft rotates about either its vertical or longitudinal axes. The gyro sensing rotation about both axes makes the instrument more sensitive and gives a more accurate indication of the condition of a turn than that shown by a turn and slip indicator.

turning error (magnetic compass error). See northerly turning error.

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