航空术语词典Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms 下

时间：2011-03-11 23:18来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次

waste gate (turbosupercharger component). A controllable butterfly valve in the exhaust pipe of a reciprocating engine equipped with an exhaust-driven turbocharger. When the waste gate is open, the exhaust gases leave the engine through the exhaust pipe. But when it is closed, the gases must pass through the turbine that drives the turbocharger compressor.
By controlling the amount the waste gate is open, the speed of the turbocharger can be controlled, and this speed determines the manifold pressure in the engine.
water equivalent (meteorology). The depth of water that would result from the melting of snow or ice.
water injection (gas turbine engines). Pure water or a mixture of water and alcohol is sprayed into the compressor inlet or the diffuser inlet. When the water evaporates, it absorbs heat from the air and drops its temperature making the air more dense. Increasing the density of the air flowing through the engine increases the mass airflow, and this increases the thrust the engine produces.
water injection (reciprocating engines). A system in which a water and alcohol mixture is injected into the induction system of a reciprocating engine when it is developing full power. When the water injection system (or antidetonation [ADI] system, as it is more properly called) is used, the fuel-air mixture being produced by the carburetor is automatically leaned, or deriched, to allow the engine to develop its maximum power.
The liquid water-alcohol mixture is injected with the fuel and air into the cylinders where it turns into vapor. As it evaporates, it absorbs the heat that would otherwise cause detonation.
waterline (reference line). A horizontal reference line used in lofting (laying out the contour of an airplane fuselage). Waterline zero (WL 0) is used as the reference, and measurements above this line are positive water lines. Measurements below WL 0 are negative waterlines. An object located on WL 104 is 104 inches above WL 0.

water/methanol injection. See W/M injection.
watt. The basic unit of mechanical power in the metric system and also as a measure of electrical power. One watt is the amount of power needed to do one joule (0.7376 foot-pound) of work in one second and is also the equivalent of 1/746 horsepower.
In terms of electrical power, one watt is the amount of electrical power needed to force one ampere of current to flow under a pressure of one volt.
wattage rating (electrical component rating). The maximum power an electrical component can dissipate without becoming overheated or otherwise damaged.
watt-hour. The basic unit of electrical work. One watt-hour is the amount of work done when one watt of power is used for one hour. One watt-hour is equal to 3,600 joules of work.
wattmeter. An indicating instrument that measures electrical power.
watt-second. The amount of work done when one watt of power is used for one second. One watt-second is equal to one joule.
wave cyclone (meteorology). A cyclone which forms and moves along a front. The circulation about the cyclone center tends to produce a wavelike deformation of the front.

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