. 甚高频全向信标 /仪表着陆系统——此系统提供飞机相对于一个选定的 VOR台的磁方位及飞机与预选航道的偏离显示信号。当转动仪表着陆系统的频率时，此系统显示飞机与最佳着陆路径在水平及垂直方向上的偏差。

. 测距机——此系统用来测量飞机与选定的 DME设备的斜距。

. 空中交通管制——此系统发射飞机识别码及高度信号给地面设备。

. 大气数据系统——此系统测量皮托管压力、静压及空气总温并计算出不同的大气数据参数。

. 惯性基准系统——此系统输出例如像航向、高度及飞机当前位置等关键导航参数。

. 电子飞行仪表系统——此系统提供飞机各系统不同系统的显示。

. 气象雷达——此系统提供飞机前方气象状况的显示，并能进行地图显示。

. 低空无线电高度表——此系统测量飞机与地球表面的绝对高度。

. 近地警告系统——此系统通过其它系统的输入引导飞机并提供最佳参数选定的飞行计划。

. 飞行管理计算机系统——此系统用音响或视觉警告给飞行员相对于地球表面不安全的飞行路径。

. 指点信标——此系统提供当飞机飞经一个特定的位置时进行指示。

. 警告及防撞系统——此系统为飞行员提供在此区域内相对于其它飞机处在不安全的情况下提供警告及建议。

(2) Previously, airplanes were navigated by flying from station to station along the route from the airplane’s origin to destination. The pitot used distance measuring equipment(DME), VHF omnirange (VOR)and automatic direction finder(ADF) to fly to each station. With the advent of

inertial navigation system(INS), it became possible to fly a more direct route from origin to destinatin. A direct, great circle route is highly desirable because of potential fuel and time savings. Because of possible position errors in inertial systems the pitot is required to verify the inertial position with the DOME, VOR and ADF system. The computations required to verify the inertial position are lengthy and time consuming and are much more suited to an onboard computer. Also, since the airplane is not on a course to a nearby station but on a direct course to a distant destination, the computations are move complex.

(3) The flight management computer system (FMCS) continuously calculates the optimum flight path and engine thrust to save time and fuel. During takeoff, the FMCS provides optimized thrust setting for takeoff based on gross weight of the airplane and outside temperature. During climb, the FMCS provides optimized climb profiles by predicting both opimum altitude and cruise speeds.further, the FMCS provides projections of top of climb and step climbs. During cruise, the FMCS optimizes descents by predicting top of descent speeds are targeted to make maximum utilization of the potential energy of the airplane.

飞行管理计算机系统继续计算最佳的飞行路径及发动机推力，以节省时间和燃油。在起飞期间，飞行管理计算机系统依据飞机总重及外界温度为飞机起飞提供最佳的推力设置。在爬升阶段，飞行管理计算机系统通过预测最佳姿态及巡航速度来提供最佳的爬升剖面。更进一步的，飞行管理计算机系统提供爬升到顶的计划及分段爬升。在巡航阶段，飞行管理计算机系统在导航数据的基础上通过预测下降顶端来优化下降。在整个下降阶段，下降速度是