操纵杆  Control rod 曲柄  Crank 供给、容许  admit

(1) the flight controls provide maneuvering control about the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical axes. They also provide increased lift for take off and landing as well as increased aerodynamic drag both in flight and on ground. Flight controls are divided into two major groups: primary and secondary. The primary flight controls consist of the ailerons, elevators, and rudder. The secondary flight controls consist of the spoilers, trailing edge flaps, leading edge devices, and the stabilizer. We will introduce the primary flight controls in this lesson.
飞行控制系统提供水平、纵向及垂直方向上的机动控制。它们同时也为飞机在地面起飞时提供升力及从空中降落时提供空气阻力。飞控系统分为两个主要部分：主飞控系统及次飞控系统。主飞行控制系统包含副翼、升降舵及方向舵。次飞控系统包含扰流板、后缘襟翼、前缘襟翼及水平安定面。本课主要讲述主飞控系统。
(2) The aileron control system provides the means of rotating the airplane about the longitudinal axis. The aileron control system is actuated by rotation of either the captain’s or first officer’s aileron control wheel. The autopilot system also provides a control input. These inputs control a hydraulic powered system which drives the ailerons. Moving the ailerons out of their trimmed position causes the airplane to ratote and change attitude. The angular amount of control surface moved establishes the “rate-of –change”. When the desired magnitude of attitude change has been reached, the control surfaces are refaired, total forces acting on the airplane are balanced and the airplane remains stable in a bank angle. Since the airplane is in a bank, the wing loses some of its lift, so up elevator command is used by the pilot or by the autopilot.