航空术语词典 Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms 上

时间：2011-03-11 23:11来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：admin 点击：次

compass fluid. A highly refined, water-clear petroleum product similar to kerosine, used to damp the oscillations of magnetic compasses.
compass locator (electronic navigation facility). A low-power, low- or medium-frequency (L/MF) radio beacon installed at the site of the outer or middle marker of an instrument landing system (ILS).
Compass locators can be used for navigation at distances of approximately 15 miles or as is authorized in the approach procedure. The outer compass locator (LOM) is installed at the site of the outer marker of an instrument landing system, and the middle compass locator (LMM) is installed at the site of the middle marker.
compass north. The direction to which the magnets in an aircraft compass actually point.
The magnetic field with which the compass magnets align is the combination of the earth’s magnetic field and local magnetic fields. These local fields are caused by magnetized parts of the aircraft and by electrical current flowing in the aircraft structure and in wires.
compass rose. A graduated circle painted on a ramp or taxiway of an airport. Compass roses are laid out at a location where local magnetic fields are minimum, and where traffic will not interfere with aircraft using the rose to have their compasses swung (compensated).
The graduations of the compass rose are laid out with reference to magnetic north, and they are marked every thirty degrees.
To compensate the compass, the aircraft is taxied over the compass rose so it lines up with the directional marks of the rose. The compensating magnets in the compass are adjusted to cause the compass to agree with the direction the aircraft is pointed.
A compass rose is also the name of a small circle graduated in 360° increments printed on some navigational charts to show the amount of compass variation at different locations on the chart.

compass saw. A small handsaw having a thin, tapered blade, used to cut circles and curves. A keyhole saw is a form of compass saw.
compass swinging. See compass compensation.
compensated cam (magneto component). The type of cam used to open the breaker points in a magneto installed on a high-performance radial engine. The master and link rod arrangement used in a radial engine causes the pistons in the different cylinders to be a different linear distance from the top of their stroke for the same angular displacement of the crankshaft relative to top dead center.
A compensated cam has one lobe for each cylinder, and these lobes are not all the same. The difference in the lobes causes the breaker points to open when the piston in each cylinder is the same linear distance from the top of its stroke.
compensated fuel pump. A vane-type, engine-driven fuel pump that has a diaphragm connected to the pressure-regulating valve. The chamber above the diaphragm is vented to the carburetor upper deck where it senses the pressure of the air as it enters the carburetor.
The diaphragm allows the fuel pump to compensate for altitude changes and keeps the carburetor inlet fuel pressure a constant amount higher than the carburetor inlet air pressure.

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