时间：2011-08-13 13:07来源：蓝天飞行翻译 作者：航空 点击：次
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ASSIGNED VARIATION (NGA) - A fixed magnetic variation value assigned to each TACAN, VOR, VOR-DME, or VORTAC navigation aid. This value is applied to true directions to obtain magnetic directions for radial, course, bearing, and heading values published in instrument flight documents, chart and terminal procedures. Periodic updating and recording of the assigned variation is accomplished to maintain navigation aid alignment with the earth's continuously changing magnetic field. Because of the earth's changing magnetic field, a difference between the actual magnetic variation and the fixed assigned variation will develop until the assigned variation is updated. For example, a VOR is commissioned at a location where the magnetic variation is 3 degrees East. The VOR's 360 degrees radius is aligned to magnetic North by applying the 3 degrees East variation to True North. The initial assigned variation is, therefore, 3 degrees East. As the earth's magnetic field changes, the magnetic variation also changes, causing a difference to develop between the magnetic variation and the fixed assigned variation. When this difference reaches a specified limit, the assigned variation will be updated to match the magnetic variation. ATC CLEARS - Used to prefix an Air Traffic Control clearance when it is relayed to an aircraft by other than an air traffic controller. ATCRBS - (See Radar) ATC REQUESTS - Used to prefix an Air Traffic Control request when it is relayed to an aircraft by other than an air traffic controller. AUTOLAND APPROACH - A precision instrument approach to touchdown and, in some cases, through the landing rollout. An autoland approach is performed by the aircraft autopilot which is receiving position information and/or steering commands from onboard navigation equipment (See Coupled Approach). NOTE: Autoland and coupled approaches are flown in VFR and IFR. It is common for carriers to require their crews to fly coupled approaches and autoland approaches (if certified) when the weather conditions are less than approximately 4,000 Runway Visual Range. AUTOMATED AREA INFORMATION RESPONDERS/RAIZ (NGA) - An automated radio communication system used by a Special Use Airspace (SUAS) Controlling Authority to transmit information to users on the absence of activities in a specific SUAS and/or any additional instructions. The system provides users with conditions for SUAS penetration when the controlling authority is not operating. AUTOMATED INFORMATION TRANSFER (AIT) - A precoordinated process, specifically defined in facility directives, during which a transfer of altitude control and/or radar identification is accomplished without verbal coordination between controllers using information communicated in a full data block. AUTOMATED RADAR TERMINAL SYSTEMS/ARTS - The generic term for the ultimate in functional capability afforded by several automation systems. Each differs in functional capabilities and equipment. ARTS plus a suffix Roman numeral denotes a specific system. A following letter indicates a major modification to that system. In general, an ARTS displays for the terminal controller aircraft identification, flight plan data, other flight associated information, e.g., altitude and speed, and aircraft position symbols in conjunction with his radar presentation. Normal radar co-exists with the alpha numeric display. In addition to enhancing visualization of the air traffic situation, ARTS facilitate intra/interfac transfer and coordination of flight information. These capabilities are enabled by specially designed computers and subsystems tailored to the radar and communications equipment and operational requirements of each automated facility. Modular design permits adoption of improvements in computer software and electronic technologies as they become available while retaining the characteristics unique to each system. |
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