直升机教员手册 Helicopter Instructor’s Handbook
时间：2014-11-10 08:35来源：FAA 作者：直升机翻译 点击：次
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To view this page ensure that Adobe Flash Player version 9.0.124 or greater is installed. It should be noted that in a flight review, the two possible outcomes are a sign-off in the logbook for successful completion or an opportunity to return and practice more to regain or sharpen certain aircraft skills. There is no possibility of failure in a flight review. At the conclusion of a successful flight review, the logbook of the pilot should be endorsed as recommended by AC 61-65, Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors. [Figure 16-2] The purpose of the flight review is to provide for an independent evaluation of pilot skills and aeronautical knowledge. According to the regulation, it is also intended to offer pilots the opportunity to design a personal currency and proficiency program in consultation with a certificated flight instructor (CFI). In effect, the flight review is the aeronautical equivalent of a regular medical checkup and ongoing health improvement program. AC 61-65E Appendix I 55. Completion of a flight review: §61.56(a) and (c). I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), has satisfactorily completed a flight review of §61.56 (a) on (date). /S/ [date] J.J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12- NOTE: No logbook entry reflecting unsatisfactory performance on a flight review is required. The conduct of flight reviews for certificated pilots is a responsibility of the flight instructor, and is also an excellent opportunity for the instructor to expand his or her professional services. The flight review is intended to be an industry-managed, FAA-monitored currency program. As stated in 14 CFR part 61, no person may act as pilot in command (PIC) of an aircraft unless a flight review has been accomplished within the preceding 24 calendar months. Effective pilot refresher training must be based on specific objectives and standards. The objectives should include a thorough checkout appropriate to the pilot certificate and aircraft ratings held, and the standards should be at least those required for the issuance of that pilot certificate. Before beginning any training, the pilot and the instructor should agree fully on these objectives and standards, and, as training progresses, the pilot should be kept appraised of progress toward achieving those goals. A flight review is an excellent opportunity for an instructor to review pilot decision-making skills. To get the information needed to evaluate aeronautical decision-making (ADM) skills, including risk management, give the pilot multiple opportunities to make decisions and ask questions about those decisions. For example, ask the pilot to explain why the alternate airport selected for the diversion exercise is a safe and appropriate choice. What are the possible hazards and what can the pilot do to mitigate them? Be alert to the pilot’s information and automation management skills as well. For example, does the pilot perform regular “common sense cross-checks?” For more ideas on generating scenarios that teach risk management, visit www.faa.gov. In addition to the required maneuvers conducted during the flight review, flight instructors should also review and discuss those special emphasis items listed in the flight instructor PTS. Who Needs a Flight Review? Pilots require a flight review every 24 months, with the following exceptions: 1. A person who has a pilot proficiency check conducted by an examiner, an approved pilot check airman, or is in the U.S. Armed Forces, for pilot certificate, rating, or operating privilege. 2. A person who has satisfactorily completed one or more phases of an FAA-sponsored pilot proficiency award program. 3. A student pilot need not accomplish the flight review provided that student pilot is undergoing training for a certificate and has a current solo flight endorsement as required under 14 CFR part 61, section 61.87. 4. A person who has passed the required PIC proficiency check under 14 CFR part 61, section 61.58, or part 121, 135, or 141. 5. A person who holds a current flight instructor certificate and has satisfactorily completed renewal of a flight instructor certificate under the provisions of 14 CFR part 61, section 61.197, need not complete the one hour of ground training listed under the requirements of the flight review. Flight Review Requirements 14 CFR part 61, section 61.56 stipulates that a flight review must contain at least one hour of ground instruction and one hour of flight instruction. The instruction must include a review of the general operating and flight rules of 14 CFR part 91 and a review of those maneuvers and procedures that, at the discretion of the instructor giving the review, are necessary for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot certificate held. [Figure 16-3] Instructors should tailor the review of general operating and flight rules to the needs of the pilot being reviewed to ensure the pilot can comply with all regulatory requirements and operate safely. Flight instructors need to keep in mind that a flight review can only end with a biennial flight review endorsement or dual given. There are no failures on a flight review. Preparation for the Flight Review The flight review gives pilots the opportunity to ride with a flight instructor of their own choosing for an appraisal of their flying skills and proficiency, and to get further assistance and guidance in any area(s) in which they are deficient. Accident rates suggest that, among other things, some instructors administering flight reviews may not sufficiently recognize and correct poor pilot technique or decision-making capabilities. Since the maneuvers and procedures performed are at the discretion of the instructor giving the review, it is important that instructors adequately prepare for the review. The instructor can make the most of a flight review by beginning with an interview of the pilot to determine the nature of his or her flying and operating requirements. Ask the pilot what he or she wishes to refresh or relearn. This helps the pilot become motivated and to accept the flight review evaluation. AC suggests some of the elements to consider during this interview. Flight instructors should take into consideration the typical flight areas of the flight review pilot and attempt to tailor the review towards their expected hazardous conditions and maneuvers. For example, if flights are in high elevations, then particular attention should be focused on high density altitude flight planning and mountain flying to include box canyons. Flight instructors should also be aware of the local accident rate and causative factors. |
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