直升机教员手册 Helicopter Instructor’s Handbook
时间：2014-11-10 08:35来源：FAA 作者：直升机翻译 点击：次
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To view this page ensure that Adobe Flash Player version 9.0.124 or greater is installed. Emergency Procedures Instruct the student in emergency load release procedures and point out that unnecessary overflight of populated areas should be avoided. Ensure the student is aware that, during pickup and normal release of a load, the helicopter is usually operating in the danger area of the height-velocity diagram. Depending on the operation and configuration, great care should be exercised to isolate the external load release from the radio or intercom transmit button to prevent inadvertent load release. If at all possible, the student should exercise the emergency or manual load release system during flight to build the habit pattern. If the helicopter does not have dual or mutually accessible emergency cargo release controls, the instructor should develop a procedure and brief the student on the emergency actions to be accomplished by each crewmember in the case of an actual emergency. Some version of cargo hook arming and safing procedures should be practiced. Instructor Tips . Remind the student that all aircraft have blind spots whether they are in the air or on the ground, and pilots must maintain a continuous scan to keep the helicopter clear. . During external load training, remind the student that not only the helicopter needs to clear an obstacle on takeoff, sufficient altitude must also be attained in order for the load to clear the obstacle. . Stay close to the controls at all times and always be ready to take control of the aircraft. Be prepared for both the expected and the unexpected. Chapter Summary This chapter presented some training techniques and instructional points that can be used to familiarize the student with helicopter operations in and around airports. It also briefly discussed transition of students into turbine and multiengine helicopters, as well as points to emphasize during external load training. Requirements differ; therefore, it is important for the instructor to become familiar with the prerequisites for the specific training and test to be conducted. Documentation for each type of certificate generally includes: . Current student or pilot certificate, . Medical certificate appropriate for the rating sought, . Instructor’s endorsement to take the practical exam, . Experience requirements, . Airman’s application form, and . Photo identification. Preparing the Student A student pilot is likely to be anxious and apprehensive when preparing for the knowledge test, practical exam, and flight review. Help the student understand the process and intent of each. Last Training Flight The last few training sessions should attempt to mirror what is to be expected during the actual academic or flight evaluation. Replicate the evaluation and allow the student to perform all maneuvers or discuss all subjects without assistance. This should provide the student with confidence going into the evaluation. Describe the difference between a FAA inspector and designated pilot examiner (DPE). Remind the student that each evaluator has different techniques, but that the same standards apply regardless of the evaluator. Application and Testing Preparation Assist the student by walking them through the application process and explaining what is to be expected at the testing locations. Questions, such as, how long the test will be, what to bring, what items they may need to bring are most common. Several FAA websites are available to help the student prepare for the exam or flight review process: . http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/ (provides a list of resources and guides to help the student) . http://www.faa.gov/pilots/testing/ (provides testing information and locations) . http://av-info.faa.gov/DesigneeSearch.asp (provides a directory for Pilot Examiners) Preparation for a Practical Exam Training As previously discussed in earlier chapters, the academic and flight training leading up to this point should have scenarios included. These scenarios start with basic fundamentals and develop into more complex and comprehensive task-integrated scenarios. In addition to teaching specific maneuvers and knowledge required for the exams, a large part of ensuring a pilot is ready for pilot-in-command (PIC) duties is developing the student’s ability to exercise good judgment and mature decision-making skills. A scenario based flight training program should provide the student with the skills and knowledge necessary to meet or exceed the standards outlined in the Practical Test Standards (PTS) found at http://www.faa.gov/pilots/testing for the rating being sought. The PTS is published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish the standards for the practical test and pilot certification. FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners (DPE) conduct practical tests in compliance with these standards. Flight instructors and applicants should find these standards helpful during training and when preparing for the practical test. By incorporating the PTS into scenario-based instructional programs, instructors can ensure the student not only meets or exceeds the standards but understands the practical application of those standards. An instructor should not recommend a student for the practical exam unless the student has demonstrated both the knowledge and the skills required to meet the PTS. The instructor should not use the PTS as a training document because the PTS contains only the minimum standards to meet to obtain a certificate. Training that only meets the minimum standard of the PTS is poor training. Instructors should determine the student’s goals and focus the training towards those goals, developing training that challenges the student to exceed the minimum standards. Flight Review The flight review is not a test, but rather a mandated opportunity to receive updated information and instruction concerning the national airspace system, the aircraft to be used during the instruction, safety policies, and procedures. Additionally, the flight review is an instructional service designed to assess the pilot’s knowledge, skills, and proficiency. For more in-depth discussion of the conduct of flight reviews, refer to Conducting an Effective Flight Review (a downloadable PDF handbook available at www. faa.gov); FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 61-98, Currency and Additional Qualification Requirements for Certificated Pilots; and 14 CFR part 61, section 61.56, Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors. Appendices in these documents include such items as a sample flight review plan and checklist, a sample list of flight review knowledge, maneuvers and procedures, and personal minimums worksheets. [Figure 16-1] |
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